ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ill 



called corporations are highly developed, the corporations them- 

 selves render the constitution of the state complex. Church 

 organizations do not conform to state lines, but extend their 

 operations and their control over their own members regardless of 

 political divisions. 



All states that have been studied have been thus found both 

 compound and complex. Such are the essential characteristics of 

 the social organization of mankind into states. 



THE GOVERNMENT. 



The differentiation from the state of an organized system of 

 regulation gives rise to government. If a condition of society 

 could exist in which each member in the state should take an equal 

 and like part with all the others in the regulation of conduct, the 

 state would be without a government in the sense in which that 

 term is here used ; but in the bodies politic which are known 

 certain individuals are selected by one or other process to per- 

 form special functions in the regulation of the conduct of the 

 people composing the state. The government is the sociologic 

 organ differentiated from the state for the regulation of conduct. 



The functions to be performed by a government are of three 

 classes — legislative, executive, and judicial. For if conduct is to be 

 regulated it is necessary — 



First, to determine in what particulars, and to establish the rules. 

 This gives the law-making power, which will here be denominated 

 the legislative department. 



Second, to provide machinery for the enforcement of the law. 

 This is here denominated the executive department. 



Third, to interpret the law. In society the particulars of conduct 

 and the relations of conduct are vastly multifarious, approaching 

 infinity. The formulated rules of conduct — the law — can never so 

 keep pace with conduct itself that every specific act of social life 

 shall have its corresponding formulated rule. It is therefore neces- 

 sary that the general rules embraced in the law be interpreted and 



