ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 113 



a priesthood sometimes acquires inordinate powers, and ecclesiasti- 

 cal, or religious, governments are organized ; but such governments 

 arise only occasionally and are ephemeral. 



In the constitution of the state two classes of organization are 

 found — those relating directly to the government, called the major 

 organizations, and those relating indirectly to the government, called 

 the minor organizations, or corporations ; and each organization de- 

 velops from its own body of members a government of its own, 

 through which, in partj it is related to the government of the state 

 and to other organizations of the minor class. These minor or- 

 ganizations are also directly related to the government of the state 

 and to one another through the individuals of which they are com- 

 posed. 



Government is the specialized organ for the regulation of the 

 conduct of the individuals of the state, and is functionally divided 

 into the legislative, executive, and judicial departments, with a still 

 further functional division running through these, giving civil, 

 military, and religious government. To the government of the 

 state, in its several units and classes, the government of corpora- 

 tions is subsidiary and obedient. 



THE LAW. 



The law is composed of the rules of conduct which the govern- 

 ment endeavors to enforce. These rules of conduct control the 

 individuals of the state in their relations to one another. Conduct, 

 in its relation to the individuals involved, is either directly or in- 

 directly personal. Conduct may be directly personal in its rela- 

 tions to two or more individuals, or it may be indirectly personal 

 in that it affects the relations of the individuals through the medium 

 of property. The first gives rise to what I shall denominate per- 

 sonal law, the second to property law. 



Again, in the organization of the body politic, minor bodies 

 have been described, and designated as corporations, including in 

 the term all bodies politic of the minor class, i. e., all private cor- 

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