ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 41 



! 'unilic mutation is used to a very limited extent and only 

 by accident, and can scarcely be said to belong to the 

 English language. 



Intimation is used as a grammatic process only to a limited 

 extent — simply to assist in forming the interrogative and 

 imperative modes. Its use here is almost rhetorical; in all 

 other cases it is purely rhetorical. 



Placement is Largely used in the language, and is highly 

 specialized, performing the office of exhibiting the relations 

 of words to each other in the sentence, i. e., it is used chiefly 

 for syntactic relation. 



Thus one of the four processes, does not belong to the 

 English language; the others are highly specialize* 1. 



The purposes for which the processes are used are deriva- 

 tion, modification, and syntactic relation. 



Derivation is accomplished by combination. 



Modification is accomplished by the differentiation of ad- 

 jectives and adverbs, as words, phrases/and clauses. 



Syntactic relation, is accomplishment by placement. Syn- 

 tactic relation must not be confounded with the relation ex- 

 pressed by prepositions. S} T ntactic relation is the relation 

 of the parts of speech to each other as integral parts of a 

 sentence. Prepositions express relations of thought of an- 

 other order. They relate Avords to each other as words. 



Placement relates words to each other as parts of speech. 



In the Indian tongues combination is used for all three 

 purposes, performing the three different functions of deriva- 

 tion, modification, and relation. Placement also is used for 

 relation, and for both kinds of relation, syntactic and prepo- 

 sitional. 



With regard, then, to the processes and purposes for 

 which they are used wo find in the Indian languages a low 

 degree of specialization; processes are used for diverse pur- 

 poses, and purposes are accomplished by diverse processes. 



It is next in order to consider to what degree the parts of 

 speech are differentiated in Indian language, as compared 

 with English. 



