ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 79 



ship in the family, in the gens, in the phratry and in the 

 tribe. 



Thus a tribe is a body of kindred. 



Of the four groups thus described, the gens, the phratry, 

 and the tribe constitute the series of organic units ; the 

 family, or household as here described, is not a unit of the 

 gens or phratry, as two gentes are represented in each — the 

 father must belong to one gens, and the mother and her 

 children to another. 



GOVERNMExNT. 



Society is maintained by the esiablishment of government, 

 for rights must be recognized and duties performed. 



In this tribe there is found a complete differentiation of 

 the military from the civil government. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 



The civil government inheres in a system of councils and 

 chiefs. 



In each gens there is a council, composed of four women, 

 called Yu-wai-yu-wa-na. These four women councillors 

 select a chief of the gens from its male members — that is, 

 from their brothers and sons. This gentile chief is the head 

 of the gentile council. 



The council of the tribe is composed of the aggregated 

 gentile councils. The tribal council, therefore, is composed 

 one-fifth of men and four-fifths of women. 



The sachem of the tribe or tribal chief is chosen by the 

 chiefs of the gentes. 



There is sometimes a grand council of the gens, composed 

 of the councillors of the gens proper and all the heads of 

 households and leading men — brothers and sons. 



There is also sometimes a grand council of the tribe, com- 

 posed of the council of the tribe proper and the heads of 

 households of the tribe and all the leading men of the 

 tribe. 



These grand councils are convened for special purposes. 



