ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 99 



tribe in Pennsylvania, meanwhile, became the most numer- 

 ous and important portion of the Shawnee people. Owing 

 to the encroachments of the white population, they were 

 gradually forced back until, about 17^0, they began a migra- 

 tion to the Ohio country, where they united with their 

 western brethren. They aided the French in the war of 

 1755, especially at Braddock's defeat. 



In 1756 an expedition against them under Major Lewis 

 was a failure. In 1764, Colonel Boquet's expedition resulted 

 in temporary peace with them. In 1774 they were defeated, 

 with their allies, at Point Pleasant, Va. In 1780, General 

 George Rogers Clarke burnt their towns on Mad River, and 

 in 1782 repeated it on the Miami. In 1790 and 1791 they 

 participated in the defeats of Generals Harmar and St. Clair 

 respectively. In 1794 they, with others, were defeated by 

 General Wayne, and were parties to the treaty of 1795, 

 whereby the southern two-thirds of Ohio and a portion of 

 Indiana were ceded to the United States. The}^ have been 

 parties to numerous treaties since that date, whereby their 

 claims to territory have been gradually relinquished. 



In the interval between Wayne's treaty and the w r ar of 

 1812, the Shawnees again became hostile, and the forces of 

 Tecumseh, under command of his brother, the prophet, were 

 defeated at Tippecanoe, in 1811, while Tecumseh himself 

 was killed at the battle of the Thames, in 1813. 



B}^ the treaty of 1817, three small tracts were reserved for 

 the occupancy of the Shawnees in northwestern Ohio, which 

 were in turn ceded to the United States, in 1831, prepara- 

 tory to their removal west of the Mississippi River. A re- 

 serve was provided for the mixed Senecas and Shawnees in 

 Indian Territory, where they now reside, and another in 

 Kansas for the Shawnees alone, to which, in company with 

 a portion of their people, who had been living in Missouri 

 since 1793, they removed and again became united. A por- 

 tion of this reserve was ceded to the United States, in 1854, 

 and in 1869, after having sold the remainder of their lands 

 in Kansas, they removed to Indian Territory, and merged 



