ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 101 



has played a part in civilization and lies at the bottom of 

 the industrial social state. Indirectly, too, slavery has been 

 beneficial. The most unnatural forms, as for example that 

 formerly existing in the United States, have upon the whole 

 worked to the advantage of the slave. Caste in India led 

 to the division of labor ; in feudal Europe it led to political 

 organization. Money and the conception of property mark 

 a great stride in social progress. 



The speaker gave as the true tests of civilization : 1. The 

 degree to which the powers of nature are made conducive 

 to the well-being of man ; and 2, the degree to which man 

 has learned to conform to the laws of nature. He would 

 exclude from the true civilizing agencies the ceremonial part 

 of social existence, the forms of religion, and much that 

 passes for culture. The remainder of the paper was de- 

 voted to the elaboration and historical illustration of these 

 general principles. 



TWENTY-NINTH REGULAR MEETING. 



November 2, 1880. 



No quorum present, by reason of the National election. 



THIRTIETH REGULAR MEETING. 



November 16, 1882. 



Tuckahoe, or Indian Bread. 

 By J. H. GORE. 



The speaker first mentioned the circumstances which sug- 

 gested this subject for investigation, and the unsettled con- 

 dition of the various theories concerning its nature and use. 



The early writers attributed to Tuckahoe great nutritive 

 qualities; so in order to determine its exact value as an ar- 



