122 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



cedure was recommended — the Baconian method — percep- 

 tion must precede reflection; observation must precede 

 reason. This also was a failure. The earlier gave specu- 

 lations ; the later gives a mass of incoherent facts and false- 

 hoods. The error in the earlier philosophy was not in the 

 order of procedure between perception and reflection, but in 

 the method, it being subjective instead of objective. The 

 method of reasoning in scientific philosophy is purely ob- 

 jective ; the method of reasoning in mythology and meta- 

 physics is subjective. 



The difference between man and the animals most nearly 

 related to him in structure is great. The connecting forms 

 are no longer extant. This subject of research, therefore, 

 belongs to the paleontologists rather than the ethnologists. 

 The biological facts are embraced in the geological record, 

 and this record up to the present time has yielded but scant 

 materials to serve in its solution. 



It is known that man highly differentiated from lower 

 animals in morphologic characteristics existed in early qua- 

 ternary and perhaps in pliocene times, and here the discov- 

 ered record ends. 



Language. 



Six papers have been presented on linguistic subjects, 

 namely : 



Indian Color Names ; by Albert S. Gatschet. 



The Sign Language op the North American Indians ; 

 by Garrick Mallery. 



A Comparison op a Written Language With One That 

 is Spoken Only ; by Otis T. Mason. 



On the Evolution op Language as Exhibited in the 

 Specialization of the Grammatic Processes, the Differ- 

 entiation of the Parts of Speech, and the Integration 

 op the Sentence ; from a Study of Indian Languages ; 

 by J. W. Powell. 



The Testimony of the Romance Languages, Concern- 

 ing the Forms of the Imperfect and Pluperfect Sub- 

 junctive in the Roman Folk-speech ; by E. A. Fay. 



Savage and Civilized Orthcepy ; by L. F. Ward. 



