XLII PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 
the lowest order is change in direction, and this is accomplished by 
the combination of two or more motions having different directions. 
Then motion may be transmitted from one body to another. The 
molecular motions—heat, light, electricity, sound, ete—are motions 
propagated by transmission from molecule to molecule. In the 
kinematic hypothesis of gravity it is held that atomic motion is 
transmitted from atoms to combined and aggregated bodies by im- 
pact; and here we reach another method of change—that by trans- 
mutation. One mode of motion may be transmuted into another, 
as molar motion into heat, and heat into electricity. 
By the combination of matter motion iscomposed. Mineral sub- 
stances and aggregates exhibit this composition of diverse modes of 
motion. Biotic bodies exhibit composition of modes of motion, and 
also composition of transmutations of motion, ‘and it is this latter 
characteristic which distinguishes biotic from physical motion. 
Activital combinations exhibit a composition of modes of motion, 
and a composition of the transmutations of motion, and a compo- 
sition by co-operative action. It is the last characteristic which 
distinguishes activital motion from biotic. 
The changes of motion exhibited in the mineral kingdom are 
changes in direction by combination, changes in relative quantity 
by transmission, changes in mode of motion through transmutation, 
and changes in the combination of modes of motion. 
In the biotic kingdom the same changes are found as in the min- 
eral kingdom, but to them are added changes in the composition of 
transmutations of motion. 
In the anthropic kingdom all the changes in the other kingdoms 
appear, together with changes in the composition of activities. 
EVOLUTION DEFINED. 
As matter is indestructible, when one combination or aggregation 
is dissolved some other must appear, and vice versa. Existing 
bodies must have antecedents. In tracing backward the history of 
bodies, lines of sequences are followed. Many such are known, and 
the first important characteristic to. be noted of them is they are 
orderly. ike bodies have like antecedents. From this results one 
of the highest inductions of science, namely, that from consequents 
antecedents can be restored, and from antecedents consequents can 
be predicted. The second important characteristic of these sequences 
