10 PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 
nomical and geographical records to speak of him of whose life and 
labors they constitute an imperishable memorial? 
The success of the expedition was not the result of chance, but 
was due to Lieut. Lockwood’s thorough knowledge of the details 
of such an undertaking, and to his indomitable energy in its execu- 
tion. During the preceding winter he had devoted himself to 
preparation for the work; had made a careful study of the man- 
agement and equipment of previous sledging expeditions—especially 
those of the English in 1875~’76—and profiting by the experience 
of his predecessors was able to avoid their mistakes. Lieut. Beau- 
mont’s journey on the Greenland coast was impeded by the heavy 
sledge, and the heavier equipments with which it was weighted. 
Lieut. Lockwood’s extraordinary distance was attained with a light 
sledge drawn by dogs and loaded with nothing but food and the 
barest necessities of a camp. Regardless of all personal comforts, 
everything was sacrificed to the objects of the expedition. 
Under the instruction of Mr. Israel, the young astronomer: 
Lieut. Lockwood had familiarized himself during the winter with 
all the astronomical observations necessary to be made by an ex- 
plorer, and with the return of the spring sun applied himself to 
practical observations with the sextant until he became an expert 
in its use. So good was his astronomical work that the accuracy 
of his observations is dependent only on the variability of the in- 
strument and the difficulty of the conditions of observation. 
In addition to a practical knowledge of arctic sledging, the expe- 
dition was undertaken with a determined energy of purpose, those 
qualities expressively termed “ grit” and “ pluck,” which no obstacle 
could defeat. Retaining only two companions at Cape Bryant, he 
sent back his supporting party and continued his advance over an 
unknown coast. Suffering continuously from cold, hunger, or 
fatigue, he pushed on with unflinching perseverance until one hun- 
dred and fifty miles of new coast were traversed and the national 
colors unfurled in the highest latitude ever attained by man. 
Simply to go a little nearer the pole than his predecessors was 
not, however, the controlling object of this expedition. Lieut. 
Lockwood’s own motives, as we read them in his journal, were 
these: “My great wish is to accomplish something on the north 
coast of Greenland that will reflect credit on myselfvand on the ex- 
pedition.” Inspired by this praiseworthy ambition, his skillful 
management resulted in its most successful realization. His mo- 
