200 | REPORT—1905. 
Tape Measurements. 
4. Maximum circumference. —Measured by passing the tape over the 
glabella in front and the occipital point behind. 
5, Longitudinal arc.—Measured with the tape in the vertical plane 
from the nasion, which is the bottom or deepest part of the depression 
between the forehead (glabella) and the nose, to the inion or external 
occipital protuberance ; a prominence on the under aspect of the back of 
the head, in the middle line, at the point where the curved outline of the 
back of the head meets the outline of the back of the neck. 
6. Transverse arc.—Measured over the vertex of the head and between 
the two pre-auricular points, in a vertical plane when the eyes are directed 
to the horizon. The pre-auwricular point is the point immediately in 
front of the tragus, or the little projection of the ear which lies in front 
of the earhole. 
Radii (Gray’s auricular radiometer). 
These radii may be considered to pass from the mid-point of the bi- 
auricular diameter to the various points indicated in the median longi- 
tudinal are of the cranium. They are all to be measured with contact 
(7.e. without perceptible pressure between the point of the instrument and 
the skin of the head). 
7. Vertical (which gives the auricular height of the cranium).—From 
the mid-points of the earholes to the top of the cranium, measured in a 
vertical plane when the eyes are directed to the horizon. 
8. Frontal.—(a) From the earholes to the most prominent point of 
the glabella ; (b) from the earholes to the ophryon. 
The ophryon is a point in the middle line of the forehead between 
the prominence of the glabella and the place where the frontal curve 
begins. It is usually very obscurely marked. The ophryon can also be 
found by taking the centre of a line drawn across the narrowest part of 
the forehead. 
9. Maximum frontal.—From the earholes to the most prominent 
point on the frontal curve. 
10. Occipital.—F rom the earholes to the occipital point. 
11. Jnial.—From the earholes to the inion, 
B. Facn. 
The face is the part of the skull which lies below the fore portion of 
the cranium. It is composed of the jaws and other bones which are 
arranged around the cavities of the orbits, nose, and mouth, 
Calliper Measuremenis. 
1. Upper face length.—From the nasion to the edge of the gum between 
the two upper central incisor teeth. A contact measurement. 
2. Total face length.—From the nasion to the lower edge of the point 
of the chin. A contact measurement. 
N.B.—In connection with these measurements of face length state 
the condition of the incisor teeth. 
