ON ANTHROPOMETRIC INVESTIGATION IN THE BRITISH ISLES 203 
E. Trunk snp Liss. 
Measurements from the Ground. 
The subject is to be measured in the erect attitude, with his eyes 
’ directed to the horizon, his heels firmly planted, and the pads of his feet 
just in contact with the ground. All measurements to be made without 
boots, it having been found that allowing for the height of the heel of the 
boot introduces serious errors. All are contact measurements. 
1. Stature. 
2. Height of the supra-sternal notch, or the depression between the inner 
ends of the collar bones (clavicles) where they join the breast bone 
(sternum). 
3. Height of the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, or point of junction 
of the two haunch bones in the middle line in front. 
4. Height of the acromion, or sharp tip of the shoulder. The most 
lateral point of this is the position whence measurements are taken. It 
is most easily discovered by feeling from behind forwards. 
5. Height of the extremity of the middle finger.—The arm being held 
by the side with the palm of the hand resting lightly on the outer side of 
the thigh. 
6. Height of the iliac crests, or curved upper edges of the haunch or 
pelvic bones. The measurement is usually made to the diac twbercle, a 
projection on the outer edge of the iliac crest, about one and a half or two 
inches behind the anterior swperior spine or rounded projection which 
forms. the anterior end of the crest. The latter is most easily detected by 
feeling from below upwards. 
7. Height of the anterior superior spine of the ium. 
8. Height of the posterior superior spine of the ilium, the projection 
at the posterior end of the iliac crest. ‘This is not easily felt, but the 
position of these spines is indicated by dimples in the skin above the 
buttocks, and about one inch from the mid-line of the back on either side. 
9. Height of the wpper edge of the great trochanter.—The outstanding 
projection at the upper end of the shaft of the thigh bone (femur) imme- 
diately external to the hip joint. 
10. Height of the knee joint.—This measurement should be made on both 
the inner and outer aspects of the joint, and in each case from the corre- 
sponding upper edges of the superior extremity of the éibia or inner of 
the two bones forming the leg. 
11. Height of the tip of the internal malleolus of the tibia.—The 
prominent projection on the inner side of the ankle joint, best felt from 
behind and below. 
12. Height sitting, i.e. the length of the trunk from the vertex of the 
head to the lowest points of the ischial tuberosities (height from seat). 
13. Height kneeling. 
F, Direct Measurements. 
Callipers. 
‘1. Maximum breadth of shoulders (bi-acromial). 
2. Distance between two anterior superior spines of iliac bones. 
3. Distance between the two posterior superior spines of iliac bones. 
. 4, Distance between iliac tubercles on iliac crests.—This will give 
approximately the maximum diameter between iliac crests. 
