430 REPORT— 1905. 
The total number of Taiiganyikan species of fishes amounts to eighty-five, but, tid 
doubt, many more await discovery. As I pointed out in reporting on Mr, Moore’s 
second collection, I have reason to think that we do not know more than half of 
the species of fishes inhabiting this extraordinary lake. The collection which has 
just been brought home by Mr. Cunnington will greatly add to our knowledge. 
I may here mention that Mormyrids, which were believed to be absent from 
Tanganyika, are therein represented by two species. 
Lake Rukwa has recently been explored by Dr. Fiilleborn, but the fishes, 
which have been referred to eleven species, belonging to widely distributed genera, 
have not been studied with a suflicient comparison-material: they appear to be 
mostly endemic forms. 
Lake Mwero has representatives of fourteen species, five of which are 
endemic, the remainder being found also in the Congo or in the Zambesi, or in 
both. 
The Zambesi, so far as we know it—and its upper parts have scarcely been 
explored—appears rather poor in fishes, only forty-one species having been recorded. 
All the genera are also represented in the Congo and in the Nile. Seven of the 
Zambesi species occur also in Lake Nyassa and the Upper Shiré, whilst in the 
present state of our knowledge twenty-seven species, mostly Cichlids, may be 
regarded as endemic to the lake and the Upper Shiré. It is perfectly clear, 
however, that Lake Nyassa differs far less from the Zambesi than Tanganyika 
does from the Nile or Congo; and, although the Cichlids are likewise represented 
by some remarkable genera, they cannot compare for variety with the other great 
lake the fauna of which has been such a surprise. Both the Zambesi and Lake 
Nyassa lack representatives of the Polypteridie. 
About forty-five years ago a collection of fishes was made in Lake Ngami, and 
twelve species were described in a very unsatisfactory manner by the late Count 
F. de Castelnau ; unfortunately the types of these species are lost, and it is diffi- 
eult to form an idea of their affinities. We know, however, that the lake, which 
is now rapidly drying up, was then inhabited by a Mormyr, a Clarias, a Characinid, 
and several Cichlids. 
The rivers of Angola have been but imperfectly explored. They have yielded 
a number of Cyprinids and Cichlids, a few Silurids, Mormyrids, and Cyprinodontids, 
and the type of the remarkable genus Kneria, the second species of which 
inhabits East Africa, 
IIL. Tue Eastern SvB-REGION. 
As was mentioned in the beginning of this Address, latitude goes for little in 
the distribution of fish-life. This is proved by the very marked difference in 
general character of the fish-faunas of Abyssinia and Africa east of the great Rift 
Valley as compared to the Nile and Central and West Africa. No Polypterids 
or Mastacembelids, few Mormyrids, Characinids, and Cichlids, but a great number 
of Cyprinids, mostly Barbus, characterise this sub-region, Omitting catadromous 
forms, the list of fishes consists of one Lepidosirenid, six Mormyrids, eight 
Characinids, seventy Cyprinids, twenty Silurids, one Kneriid, six Cyprinodontids, 
and seven Cichlids. 
Lake Tsana, with the upper affluents of the Blue Nile, differs very strikingly 
in its fishes from the Nile, with which it has only two species in common, a 
Silurid (Bagrus docmac), and a widely distributed Cichlid (Tilapia nilotica), 
which occurs also in the Hawash and in Palestine. Nearly all the fishes are 
Cyprinids, mostly of the genus Barbus, which bear close affinity to Syrian types, 
as does also the recently discovered Loach (Nemachilus abyssinicus), so far the 
only known African representative of that Europio-Asiatic group. The single 
species of the Cyprinid genus Varicorhinus is also suggestive of South-Western 
Asia, although a seeond African species inhabits Lake Tanganyika, and a third 
has lately been discovered in Morocco, Another Cyprinid genus, Discognathus, 
which is widely distributed over Southern Asia, from Syria and Aden to Burma, 
is represented by two species, whilst others are known from Abyssinia and East 
Africa (Gallaland, Kenya, and Kilimandjaro districts), and one each from the Nile 
