TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F, 473 
There is in all parts of the world an increasing distaste to domestic service ; but 
there are still many instances of long-continued service in the same household. 
Domestic service in England may be divided according to five distinct types of 
establishment. (@) Very large establishments, with steward’s room. (b) Large 
country houses, with twelve servants or more. (¢) Households with four to eight. 
(d) Houses with two or three. (¢) Households with one general servant. ‘The 
general servants are valuable in many ways, and, especially, are more adaptable 
than servants in establishments which are elaborately organised. 
The conditions of domestic service appear to vary greatly in different parts of 
South Africa. Wages in the Transvaal are much higher than in Cape Colony or 
Natal. In the Transvaal, where some of the work is generally done by native 
‘boys,’ emigrants from England are inclined to expect an unreasonable amount 
of help, and have much to learn as to the proper treatment of the native. This 
difficulty does not arise to the same extent in Cape Colony, but complications are 
sometimes due to the working of the Master and Servants Act, to which servants 
signing contracts become liable. It would probably be advisable that immigrant 
domestic servants should he bound to remain for two years in the Colony, but 
that these should not necessarily be spent in the same situation. 
South Africa presents excellent openings for healthy, sensible, and adaptable 
young women, and movements for introducing them are likely to forge further 
links in the chain which binds the Colonies to the Mother Country, 
2, Report on the Accuracy and Comparability of British and Foreign 
Statistics of International Trade,—See Reports, p, 187, 
THURSDAY, AUGUST 17. 
The following Papars were read :— 
1. The Public Revenue of South Africa. By H. E. 8. FREMANTLE, 
‘There are various special difficulties in the way of estimating the revenue of 
South Africa and tracing its growth and relation to the population. The language 
difficulty is considerable, as some of the old papers are written in Dutch of a style 
very different from that of to-day. Jn the old accounts many items not properly 
belonging to the accounts of South Africa are included. The same is to some 
extent true of the accounts of the South African Republic. The history of 
taxation is not easily traced. The scope cf Government operations has greatly 
increased. On the other hand, after a centralising period there has been much 
decentralisation. Moreover, the accounts are questionable, as is shown by the 
large discrepancies between the Auditor-General’s and the Treasurer’s figures, 
especially in past years, No set principles are even now rigidly established. 
Other difficulties are those connected with Imperial expenditure, the difference of 
financial years, the question regarding the proper method of estimating the coloured 
population both before and after the annexation of native territories, and the old 
cnrrency. Much is gained by an effort to adopt a uniform principle in dealing 
with each of these questions. 
The ideal investigation into the movement of the revenue is not possible until 
the statistics, especially those of the past, are satisfactorily revised and presented. 
In this paper an attempt was made to present figures showing the population, 
the gross revenue, and the debt from 1687 to 1903, and to characterise the chief 
financial tendencies. 
The main facts with regard to population are the large natural increase of both 
white and coloured races; immigration of Europeans before the close of the first 
decade and in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, at the end of the second 
decade of the nineteenth century, and after the discovery of the mines; and the 
