TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION G. 509 
Brief descriptions of Table Bay harbour and the proposed works of dock 
extension by the author and Mr. Hammersley-Heenan, general manager and 
engineer to the Cape Harbour Board, at the estimated cost. of 5,561,757/., were 
then given, together with statistics showing the probable increase in customs, 
revenue, imports, and exports. 
The embayments on the south-east littoral as far as Algoa Bay were then 
described, with brief references as to their suitability for the construction of 
harbours, including St. Sebastian Bay, Plettenberg Bay, and Mossel Bay. 
Alyoa Bay.—The author referred to the main features of this harbour and the 
remarkable strides which have been made in its commercial prosperity in spite of 
the landing ditticulties due to its exposed position and the want of adequate 
sheltering works. A short description of the existing jetties was given and 
reference made to two important schemes now under consideration—one, by 
Messrs. Coode, Son & Matthews, to project two great breakwaters into the bay in 
front of the town of Port Elizabeth, so as to form an inclosed harbour of some 
800 acres ; and the other, by the author, to open up the Zwartkops River, which runs 
into Algoa Bay, about five and a half miles to the northward. A description was 
given of the present conditions of the Zwartkops River and of the proposed works. 
The question of sand travel along the shore of Algoa Bay as aflecting these was 
also referred to. 
Formation and Treatment of Bars.—Under this heading the author discussed 
the various causes to which may be attributed the formation of bars at the mouths 
of the rivers and lagoons on the south-east African coast and the variations of their 
form which take place in accordance with the physical features of the rivers and 
lagoons concerned, and of the coast line in proximity to their outlets. This was 
illustrated by reference to the bars at the Kowie River, Buifalo River, and St. 
John’s River. : 
Lagoons.—The discussion of the formation and treatment of bars was coa- 
tinued under this heading, together with a full description of the physical features 
of these lagoons and the causes of their formation, as well as of the sand-spits 
separating them from the ocean. Special reference was made, in illustration of the 
subject, to the lagoons at Durban, Umblatuzi, and St. Lucia, in Natal and Zulu- 
land, 
Port Alfred.—A_ description of this river was given, and a short historical 
sketch of the engineering works which were carried out, together with their 
results, and the works proposed by the author to reopen the river by the construc- 
tion of a new outlet, towards which end the existing works are to be utilised. 
Kast London.—A short description was given of the original condition of the 
Butfalo River and of the works which have been carried out to open it for naviga- 
tion, special reference being made to the successful application of sand-pump 
dredging to the bar in the open sea, Statistics showing the increase of trade were 
given. 
Port St. John.—A general description was given of the river and the physical 
conditions affecting its outlet, especially as regards the formation of the bar and 
the effect of the river freshets on same. A short description of the works proposed 
by the author for its improvement was also given. 
Port Shepstone.—Only a short reference was made to this river and to the 
necessity for a most careful investigation into the physical characteristics, and the 
fullest recognition of the ultimate expense before works are undertaken to open up 
these small rivers. 
Durban.—A full description was given of this port and its lagoon, and of some 
of the natural causes which have operated in its formation. Statistics were given 
showing the increase in its commercial prosperity between 1846 and 1904, The 
original condition of the bar at the mouth of the lagoon and the changes which 
occurred in its form at different periods in the progress of the works were described 
in detail. Special reference was made to the important operations of dredging on 
the bar in the open sea and the results which have been attained. 
Delagoa Bay.—A short description was given of this harbour, which is a Portu- 
guese possession, special reference being made to certain features which resemble 
