314 REPORT—1905. 
terminal joint of alittle finger. They never were cannibals. Cairns of stones were 
erected over graves. Although they are generally credited with being vindictive, 
passionate, and cruel, they were as a matter of fact always friendly and hospitable 
to strangers till dispossessed of their hunting grounds. They did not fight one 
another, but were an unselfish, merry, cheerful race with an intense love of freedom. 
A great mass of unworked material exists for the elucidation of the religious 
ideas, legends, customs, and so forth, of the Bushmen, in the voluminous native 
texts, filling eighty-four volumes, to the collection of which the late Dr. Bleek 
devoted his laborious life. This wonderful collection of the folklore of one of the 
most interesting of peoples still remains inaccessible to students in the Grey 
Library in Cape Town. A more enlightened policy in the past would have 
enabled Dr. Bleek to publish his own material ; now the task is complicated by 
the great difficulty of finding competent translators and of securing the services of 
reliable natives who know their own folklore. The time during which this labour 
can be adequately accomplished is fleeting rapidly, and once more the Government 
must be urged to complete and publish the life-work of this devoted scholar. 
The Majfianja natives, who live south of Lake Shirwa, assert that formerly 
there lived on the upper plateau of the mountain mass of Mlanje a people they,call 
Arungu, or ‘gods,’ who from their description must have been Bushmen. Relies 
of Bushman occupation have been found in the neighbourhood of Lakes Nyassa and 
Tanganyika. West of the Irangi plateau in German East Africa, between the 
steppes occupied by the Wa-Nyamwezi and the Masai, live the Wa-Sandawi, a 
settled hunting people who, according to Baumann, are very different from the sur- 
rounding Bantu peoples, and who are allied to the more primitive, wandering, 
hunting Wa-Nege, or Wa-Tindiga, of the steppes near Usukuma. They use the bow 
and poisoned arrow. Their language, radically distinct from Bantu, is full of 
those strange click sounds which are so characteristic of Bushman speech; but Sir 
Harry Johnston says that he does not know if any actual relationship has been 
pointed out in the vocabulary, and he distinctly states that the Sandawi are not 
particularly like the Bushmen in their physique, but more resemble the Nandi; and 
Virchow declares there is no relationship between the Wasandawi and the Hot- 
tentot in skull-form. Until further evidence is collected, one can only say that 
there may have been a Bushman people here who have become greatly modified 
by intermixture with other races. Sir Harry Johnston thinks that possibly traces 
of these people still exist among the flat-faced, dwarfish Doko, who live to the 
north of Lake Stephanie, and he is inclined to think that traces of them occur also 
among the Andoroho and Elgunono. 
If the foregoing evidence should prove to be trustworthy, it would seem that 
at a very early time the Bushmen occupied the hunting grounds of tropical Kast 
Africa, perhaps even to the confines of Abyssinia. They gradually passed south- 
wards, keeping along the more open grass lands of the eastern mountainous zone, 
where they could still preserve their hunting method of life, until, when history 
dawned on the scene, they roamed over all the territory south of the Zambezi. 
Negrilloes. 
Material does not at present exist for an exhaustive discussion of the exact 
relationship between the Bushmen and the Negrilloes of the equatorial forests. On 
the whole [ am inclined to agree with Sir Harry Johnston, who says: ‘ I can see 
no physical features other than dwarfishness which are obviously peculiar to both 
Bushmen and Congo Pygmies. On the contrary, in the large and often protube- 
rant eyes, the broad flat nose with its exaggerated alee, the long upper lip and but 
slight degree of eversion of the inner mucous surface of the lips, the abundant hair 
on head and body, relative absence of wrinkles, of steatopygy, and of high pro- 
truding cheekbones, the Congo dwarf differs markedly from the Hottentot-Bushman 
type.’ Shrubsall had previously stated: ‘ For the present I can only say that the 
data seem to me too insufficient to enable the affinities of the various pygmy races 
to be clearly demonstrated, or to allow of much significance being attached to any 
