TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION K. 589 
believed to be properly African, for instance, Zncephalartos, extended their area as 
far as Southern Europe. Therefore, the hypothesis cannot be maintained that in 
the Tertiary period the same mixed flora was distributed over all the Old World, 
a flora from which the various elements should have differentiated by-and-by, 
2. The Phyto-Geographical Subdivisions of South Africa. 
By R. Martorn, Ph.D. 
F [PLATE IV.] 
A. Tae Care PROVINCE. 
The bulk of its vegetation consists of evergreen shrubs with small leathery 
leaves, many of them belonging to endemic orders, sub-orders, genera and species 
of more or less South Temperate relationship. Among them are: Proteacez, 
Thymelmacer, Ericaceze, Penweacee, Grubbiacese, Bruniacew, and Rutacese. Not 
less important are the Restionacew. 
B. Tae Patxo0-TROPICAL PROVINCE. 
I. The Grass-steppes. 
1, The basin of the Limpopo and Lower Vaal. The former is called the ‘ Bush 
Veld’ 
This is closely related to, or really only a southern continuation of, the Central 
East African steppe and forest province. Numerous species of trees, especially 
from the orders Leguminosee and Combretacez, together with Fauwrea saligna, 
tree Euphorbias (Z. Reinhardtii (Volkens) Pax) and arborescent A loes. 
2, The Kalahari and Bushmanland. 
Closely related to the Limpopo district, and practically differing only by the 
absence of open water and species dependent on a regular and not too scanty water 
supply. Acacias are specially numerous, and A. Giraffe is present in most parts. 
As a whole it does not deserve the designation ‘ desert.’ 
3. The High Veld. 
Altitude from 1,200 to 1,500 métres. Wide stretches of grass lands without 
a tree or bush for miles. In the eastern parts the country is mountainous, and 
the vegetation consequently more varied. 
4, The Kaffrarian countries. 
Specially characterised by thorny scrub, with Aloe feror on the hills and 
Acacia horrida along the rivers and in the plains. Succulents are common in 
many parts, especially species of Cotyledon, Kalanchoe, Euphorbia, Aloe, Haworthia, 
and Gasteria. 
A special formation is represented by the mountain forests. 
Il. The Central Districts of the Cape Colony. 
1, The Karroo. 
This consists of the following parts :— 
(a) The West Karroo, formed by the Bokkeveld and Tanqua Karroo, 
(6) The Central Karroo, consisting of the Bastard, Mordenaar’s, Great, and 
Eastern Karroo. 
(c) The Little Karroo, 
(d) The Robertson Karroo, south of the Langebergen. Abounds in succulents. 
Along the river-beds trees, especially Acacia horrida and Rhus viminalis, 
2. The Karroid Plateau. 
To this sub-province belong the Roggeveld, the Nieuwveld, and the wide 
plains to the north and east. Trees are entirely wanting, and more than 90 per 
cent. of the conspicuous vegetation consists of dwarf shrublets of Composites mixed 
with some succulents. Occasionally there are even patches of the latter or a 
larger proportion of them, Grass is occasionally thinly scattered, 
