13 



plateau, being at an elevation of about 2000 feet, a good view was 

 obtained of the Danube, the town of Buda-Pest and the surrounding 

 country. In the low-lying marshy land not far distant from this 

 locality a home is afforded for the two beautiful coppers, Chryso- 

 phanus dispar var. rutilus and C. thersamon, of which I took some 

 fine examples. Ccenonympha iphis was also very common here. 



I have roughly estimated the number of butterflies occurring in 

 Hungary as about 170. This number compares very favourably 

 with the adjoining countries, for in Germany we find 122 ; in 

 Germany and Switzerland together 192, and in Italy and Sardinia 

 203. Hungary lying considerably to the east of Europe, we naturally 

 find a few eastern species introduced to the list, to which I wish to 

 refer. Among the Colias we find two species, C. chrysotheme and 

 C. myrmidone, which do not occur further west than Austria. The 

 next species is Neptis aceris, Hungary being its western limit. Two 

 species of Vanessa do not occur further west than Austria, V. 

 xanthomelas and V. l-album, both of which are not uncommon at 

 Herculesbad. 



Among Melitaa we find M. trivia, which is quite an eastern 

 species. Hungary is very rich in the genus Argynnis, for out of the 

 twenty-four species found in Europe sixteen occur there, such local 

 species as A. hecate, A. laodice, and A. pandora being among the 

 number. Melanargia japygia var suwarovius only occurs in one 

 locality — at Peszer, in Hungary. A whiter form is found, however, 

 in Russia. Among the Erebias we find E. medusa var. psodea, a 

 very interesting form with large eye spots, and E. me/as, both on the 

 higher mountains, the Domogled being a good locality. Two fine 

 Satyrids, Pararge climene and P. roxelana, are eastern in their dis- 

 tribution, and Hungary is quite the western limit. Both species are 

 common at Herculesbad and in certain localities in Asia Minor. 

 Ccenonympha leander is also an eastern species and does not occur 

 further west ; the same remarks may be applied to Chrysophanus 

 thersamon . Among the " Blues " there does not appear to be any 

 eastern forms. This is rather singular, for a little farther east, in 

 Russia, we find several distinct species. Although the "Blues " are 

 fairly well represented in Hungary, all occur in the Alps and in 

 central Europe. It appears from the list that there rre eleven 

 species of butterflies which do not occur in western or central 

 Europe, but, of course, there is a considerable number of species 

 whose range of distribution does not extend to Hungary, especially 

 among the Erebias, but this may be accounted for in a measure by 

 the lower elevation of the mountains. There are two species to 

 which I must specially refer — Heteropterus morpheus and Ccenonympha, 

 cedippus, both of which marsh species are common in Hungary, and 

 also occur freely at Biarritz, which points to the wide distribution 

 of nearly 1000 miles. 



