are other Neuroptera planipennia that have not very dissimilar antennae, 

 all no doubt related to the primitive pre-lepidopterous antenna. 



Micropteryx originated somewhere here, and still presents some 

 panorpid characters. As we have it to-day, however, Micropteryx has 

 antenna? that have taken a very special line of development, and 

 show that Micropteryx is not on the main stem, but is a side branch 

 therefrom. 



It is a primitive Lepidopteron in having both hairs and scales, and 

 in these having no special orientation. The hairs arise over the 

 whole antenna, but the scales are collected together over a small 

 area on opposite sides of the antennas. These spots may be right 

 and left, or dorsal and ventral ; 1 have found it impossible to be sure 

 which, but in any case they impartially affect both sides. 



A segment of a Micropteryx antenna, especially when the scales 

 have been removed, is a very curious object, a somewhat cubical but 

 rounded black box, with a window on each side, so that it seems as 

 if one might look right through it. These windows are the delicate 

 colourless areas associated with the attachment of the scales. 



Eriocrania is the next form we have preserved. It is more on the 

 direct line of evolution, absolutely so, most probably, from an 

 antennal point of view ; more so than Micropteryx, since not only is 

 there no orientation of hairs or scales, but no condensation of either, 

 as is the case in so curious a manner in Micropteryx. It may be 

 asked why pick and choose in this way between Micropteryx and 

 Eriocrania, and since Micropteryx is so much the older form, why 

 shall we not accept its antenna as the primitive lepidopterous 

 antenna. Micropteryx is a very isolated form, but is unquestionably 

 somewhere between the Neuroptera below, and the Lepidoptera 

 and Trichoptera above, and the Diptera in some upward or lateral 

 direction. Amongst all these there are no antennae specialised in a 

 manner similar to that of Micropteryx ; one cannot help concluding, 

 therefore, that though its position otherwise is fairly obvious, and 

 though its antennas are easily derivable from a probable antenna for 

 that position, it is not an antenna that leads forward to any other 

 known form. 



I have just referred to the Diptera, there can be little doubt that 

 the neuratocerous stem of the Diptera originated somewhere here, 

 and the tendency to have scales is not entirely absent in the lower 

 Diptera. But it is within the limits of our survey to note that 

 the antenna of many of these comes within the definition of the 

 primitive lepidopterous antenna by Bodine and Jordan, i. e. one 

 with a uniform distribution of sense-hairs on all surfaces. And that 

 the dipterous antenna evolved on lines parallel with Lepidoptera in 

 so far that orientation of the hairs took place early. 



The Trichoptera are another group that comes in here. Having 

 postulated Micropteryx as a Lepidopteron, we are almost compelled 

 to claim Trichoptera as a family of Lepidoptera. The only logical 

 alternative is to throw over Micropteryx altogether, and following 



