39 



On sandy barren heaths there is a small grey little fellow, with a 

 broad black band across the wings ; outside the band is clear hyaline, 

 inside pink. This may be Acrotylus insubricus (Scop.), or A. patruelis 

 (Sturm). 



On barren rocky hills there is a dark fellow with crimson wings, 

 with a black band near the apex of the wing ; the apex is either 

 smoky or totally black. This is CEdipoda miniata (Pall). 



Nearly everywhere is a similar fellow, with blue instead on the 

 wings. It also differs slightly in structural characters, so that the 

 species may be distinguished without opening the organs of flight. 

 This is CEdipoda azralescens (L.). 



In barren patches in wood clearings in Central and Eastern 

 Europe is a heavy grasshopper, dark in colour, with paling off towards 

 a blackish apex ; the base is hyaline, yellow, blue, or red. This is 

 Ce/es variabilis (Pall). 



An albinistic form of CE. miniata with deep sulphur wings occurs 

 in Asia Minor. 



A similar form of CE. ccerulescens with greenish yellow wings occurs 

 rarely in Spain, but is common in Algeria. 



A large grasshopper with bright yellow wings occurs in Algeria. 

 This is CEdipoda fuscocincta, Luc. 



All these grasshoppers with coloured wings belong to the OZdipo- 

 didae. 



A very remarkable group is the Pamphagidae. These are heavy, 

 desert insects, found only in Southern Europe, Western Asia, and all 

 Africa. They are often hemiapterous or totally wingless, and won- 

 derfully adapted to their surroundings. As each species has a most 

 limited distribution, many are very rare. 



The Truxalidae badly require monographing. A large, but not 

 unwieldy group of middle-sized insects found all over the world. 

 One species, Truxalis nasuta (L.), with a curious pyramidical head, 

 occurs practically throughout the palaearctic region, from France to 

 Japan, and also in all Africa, India, Siam, and apparently in 

 Australia. This group contains the chief musicians of the section. 



The Acridiidae are poorly represented in Europe, but nevertheless 

 are a very extensive group, which also badly requires a monograph. 

 To this group we refer the true migratory locusts of the genera 

 Acridium, Schistocerca, and Melanoplus, with such well-known forms 

 as Ca/optenus, Podisma, and a host of less familiar tropical insects. 



The most gaudy and bright coloured insects of this section belong 

 to the Pyrgomorphidae, an extensive and widely distributed group, 

 containing the knobby Phymateus, brilliant in scarlet, green, blue, 

 and yellow, and other similar forms. 



Some of the oddest forms are to be found among the Tettigidae. 

 These insects are ali small, with remarkably developed pronotum ; 

 they are different from all other Acridiodea in having no visible pads 

 between the claws of the tarsi. Some of the compressed forms were 

 described by Fabricius as Membracidae, and some resemble dead 



