A Study of Cerebral Anthropology 3 



worthless for comparisons. Protest on my part against the cha- 

 otic condition of terminology is needless in view of what has 

 already been said by Giacomini, Sergi, Broca, Waldeyer, Wilder, 

 Smith and others. I will atempt to adhere to the usage of Retzius 

 (1896) except in the occipital region where the names suggested 

 by Smith (1904c) much more adequately express the condition 

 found in the average brain. The appended bibliography includes, 

 beside the articles referred to in the body of the work, many 

 references which, while they have influenced me materially in 

 forming opinions, I have not included in the text because they 

 simply add to the mass of confirmatory evidence or because the 

 conclusions are so superficial and the observations so careless as 

 to render them almost valueless. Many of the references, I 

 regret to say, I was unable to consult directly, although reviews 

 and reference to them by available authors lead me to believe that 

 their study would not have changed my conclusions in any im- 

 portant detail. I have attempted to list as fully as possible all 

 literature relating to the subject. 



It is not a new idea to make the criminal brain the foundation 

 of a general study for indeed some of the most important works 

 extant were begun in an attempt to place on a sound basis of fact 

 some of the theories exploited by Lombroso, Benedikt and others. 

 In such a study a number of questions at once arise which must 

 be answered satisfactorily before an intelligent study of the crim- 

 inal brain can be undertaken. First, the question of variations in- 

 volves the separation of characteristics which have a morpholog- 

 ical or functional significance from those which are simply ' indi- 

 vidual ' and without meaning. If we fail to make this separation 

 our observations become, while facts, still valueless. So many 

 factors may be involved that to overlook one of them will vitiate 

 the entire result; brain weight, brain shape, complication of con- 

 volution pattern, depth of sulci, breadth of gyri, interruption or 

 absence of sulci, may be directly related to the question of sex, 

 race, development, locality or a great many other factors. 

 Second, the question of variations must be considered from the 

 standpoint of ontogeny or phylogeny. If we are able so far to 

 follow the steps of development and evolution that a variation can 



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