A Study of Cerebral Anthropology 29 



by Calori (i373), of which Dr. Wilder (1900) says, "Upon the 

 whole, with all due deference to the anatomist just named, I now 

 think that a genuine case of reduplication of the central fissure 

 is yet to be observed." Reported cases, he thinks, belong in the 

 same class as the case he mistakenly reported in 1894, viz., sec- 

 ondary fissure formed by the union of the sulcus subcentralis and 

 the sulcus retrocentralis. Until we understand more perfectly 

 the morphological significance of the sulcus centralis, it seems to 

 me hardly safe to say that reduplication cannot occur, especially 

 in view of the number of observers who will have to be in error 

 in their interpretation. As to the case of Calori, Giacomini did 

 not consider that a case of true reduplication, and, in discussing it, 

 insisted that we must be very cautious in forming our conclusions, 

 since a well marked postcentral fissure might, as here., be taken 

 for a case of true reduplication. Connection between the sulcus 

 centralis and the fissures immediately in front of or behind it is 

 of frequent occurrence, and may be considered as normal. See 

 table, page 000. 



The Sulcus Praccentralis (B.N.A.) : This sulcus cannot be dis- 

 cussed as such, but must be considered as two sulci or fissure 

 integers, sulcus praecentralis inferior and sulcus praccentralis 

 superior. The sulcus praecentralis was figured by Gratiolet, but 

 not named. Pansch considered it as a ramus of the sulcus fron- 

 talis medialis. Turner identified it with the ascending ramus 

 of the fissura Sylvii, and considered its separation by a bridging 

 convolution as an exception. Ecker found the fissure typical after 

 the sixth month of embryonal life, and considered it an inde- 

 pendent fissure integer. He never saw a union with the fissura 

 Sylvii, but considered that, when it did occur, it would always 

 be behind the ramus ascendens Sylvii. It is now generally con- 

 ceded that, as above stated, there are two separate integers. The 

 sulcus praecentralis inferior is made up of two parts, a vertical 

 and a horizontal ramus, the latter called by Cunningham the 

 ramus horizontalis. It is variable and may escape observation. 

 He found it absent in only 8.5 per cent. It is probably the ramus 

 anterior of Eberstaller and the mesial praecentral sulcus of 

 Sernoff. 



373 



