A Study of Cerebral Anthropology 43 



ningham and found farther that the fissure represented the 

 anterior boundary of the area striata, and that the one or several 

 retrocalcarine sulci were of very subsidiary importance. They 

 were not definite furrows which could be definitely homologized 

 with similarly flamed furrows of another brain but merely depres- 

 sions in the mesial part of the area striata. These represent the 

 so-called sulcus calcarinus of apes. 



The fissura calcarina may occasionally be confluent with the 

 fissura hippocampi, a connection which Mingazzini (1895) con- 

 sidered of great morphological importance. The condition is 

 present in the foetus after the fifth month and is also present 

 in Ovisti and Tamarin (Midas). Retzius does not note the 

 confluence. Mingazzini has seen the condition twice in normal 

 brains and once in a criminal. Sernofi^ has observed the con- 

 dition three times. Cherie-Ligniere (1911) reports the condi- 

 tion occurring on the right side in the brain of a pigmy woman ; 

 and Schwekendick and Benedikt have reported several cases 

 among criminals. Other cases are recorded in the table on 

 page 50. 



The smaller furrows of the region are fully descriped by Smith 

 and need not be referred to here except to say that they are gen- 

 erally present, situated at some distance from the fissura calcarina 

 and running parallel to it ; and he has designated them as the sulci 

 limitans area striata superior and inferior. 



Regio Inferior et Rhinencephalon. 



The Sulci Orhitales have been very fully studied by Eberstaller 

 (1884) and different patterns classified, but it seems that the 

 simple classification of simple and complex will express ade- 

 quately their arrangement since they present wide variations. 



Smith (1904a) described the limbus paraorbitalis which was 

 called by Spitzka (1903c) the paraorbital limbus and which was 

 known to Giacomini, Retzius and Eberstaller. It is a rare forma- 

 tion (Eberstaller 1.5 per cent.). 



Fissurae. Rhinica et Hippocampi: Symington (1901) considers 

 that these fissures are fundamental in the early encephalon. The 

 works of Broca, Retzius and Kohlbriigge have made the ele- 



387 



