A Study of Cerebral Anthropology 65 



of eminent men so far studied. There is in this brain neither sug- 

 gestion of " atavistic reminiscence," incomplete development, nor 

 pathological process, to account for the criminal tendency which 

 the individual manifested. 



CONCLUSIONS 



It seems to me satisfactorily proven that, with our present 

 methods of study and our indifferent knowledge of the relation 

 of nervous structure to function, we cannot differentiate for race, 

 sex or intelligence. 



The study of the microcephalic brain has failed to yield data 

 throwing light on either the question of homologies in fissure 

 patterns between man and the apes or the question of the relation 

 of structure to function. Until our understanding of what 

 factors are operative in producing these cases is much more com- 

 plete, it will not be profitable to use them in attempted elucidation 

 of morphological problems. 



The studies on elite brains have furnished no positive proof 

 that function is related to the surface area or conformation, and 

 care must be exercised in attributing to this class characters 

 which seem to have a special significance for it, till the character 

 has been studied or sought in other classes and identified in a large 

 number of elite brains. The claim has frequently been made that 

 the criminal brain shows anomalies and variations indicative of 

 arrest of development or " atavistic reminiscence " more fre- 

 quently than the non-criminal brain. I cannot, after a careful 

 review of the available reports of criminal brains (see table, page 

 50), agree with this statement. I can find no indication that the 

 criminal brain possesses physical characters which can be partic- 

 ularized as stigmata of inferiority. No satisfactory evidence has 

 been presented on which to base the conclusion that the criminal 

 brain as a whole is of low order or incomplete development. 



A normal type does not exist and, consequently, a criminal type 

 is impossible. But we may go farther and say that not a single 

 character reported from the brain of a criminal has been shozvn to 

 have the remotest relation to his acts or habits of mind. In the 

 light of our present knowledge of variations, we must conclude 



409 



