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EXCAVATIONS ON ROMAN SITES IN BRITAIN. 
APPENDIX B. 
Hxcavations at Caerwent, 1903-4. 
The excavations on the site of Caerwent (Venta Silwrwm)—a small 
Romano-British country-town, enclosed by a rectangle of walls of about 
400 by 300 yards—have been carried on every summer since 1899, and 
in 1902-3 during the winter also ; and reports on them are regularly 
presented to the Society of Antiquaries and published in ‘ Archzologia ’ 
(vol. lvii., Part IJ. onwards). A paper was also presented by Mr. T. 
Ashby, jun., to the British Association in 1903, ‘ Proc. Brit. Assoc.,’ South- 
port, 1903, p. 806 ; printed more fully in ‘ Man,’ 1904, p. 69. 
Hitherto a little more than one quarter of the ancient city has been 
laid bare, but the greater part of the excavations has been filled in 
again. Thelocal Committee hopes eventually to explore all those parts 
of the site which are not occupied by the houses and gardens of the 
modern village. 
A temporary museum exists on the site ; but a considerable propor- 
tion of the objects which are found will eventually be deposited in the 
Corporation Museum at Newport, Monmouthshire. 
A well which was explored in 1903 yielded some interesting speci- 
mens of plants, which have been examined and described by Mr. A. H. 
Lyell, F.S.A., and Mr. Clement Reid, F.R.S. Another well has been 
discovered, from which it seems likely that similar plant remains may be 
recovered ; but it has not yet been explored. The cost of opening such 
wells is considerable, as the men expect extra pay, and have also to be 
insured against accidents. There is, moreover, need for a good deal of 
pumping while the work is going on. 
Two discoveries made in the excavations of 1904 deserve brief notice 
here. The first is that of the South Gate of the city: it corresponds in 
plan and in size almost absolutely with the North Gate, and the inner 
arch is in a very fair state of preservation. Like the other gate, it has 
been blocked up in Roman times, an aperture having been left for the 
egress of a drain. It was generally supposed to have stood where a 
modern farm road crosses the line of the south wall, some remains of the 
gate which were actually visible having been taken to be the traces of 
the attachment of a bastion tower. None of those who have written upon 
the topography of Caerwent seems to have suspected the truth which a 
few hours’ digging made clear. 
The other discovery is that of the base of a statue dedicated to Mars 
(with the epithet Lenws[si]ve Ocelus ere and the Nwmina Augus- 
torwm (under the names of Lenus, . . ., Ocelws, and Vellawnus) by M. 
Nonius Romanus. It bears the date A.v. 152. It had been used as 
building material in a cross-wall of late date. 
Anthropometric Investigations among the Native Troops of the Egyptian 
Army.—Report of the Committee, consisting of Professor A. Mac- 
ALISTER (Chairman), Dr. C. S. Myers (Secretary), Sir Joun Evans, 
and Professor D. J. CunnincHamM. (Drawn up by the Secretary.) 
THE Committee have to report the following progress in the elaboration 
of the anthropometric data which were acquired during the year 1901-2 
in Egypt and the Soudan. 
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