ON THE INFLUENCE OF EXAMINATIONS. 367 
opinion, questions should be set ; and in general the two examiners would 
correspond on the subject-matter of the examination paper. The paper 
should, however, be finally made up by the external examiner on his own 
responsibility. 
(13) That the allocation of work in reading and marking papers 
should be determined by the examining body, provided that papers which 
are near the minimum pass mark should be considered by both examiners. 
(14) That oral and practical examinations should be conducted by 
the external and internal examiners acting in concert, who should, subject 
to Section 11, jointly assess the mark for each candidate in this part of any 
examination, 
(15) That in language examinations no special books should be pre- 
scribed, but that passages should be included from the books used in the 
school as well as unseen passages. Thatan oral examination should always 
be held in the case of modern languages. 
(16) That there should be a senior certificate for pupils who have 
received not less than four years’ instruction in a school orschools accepted 
for examination under Section (5). 
That there should be a junior certificate limited to pupils under sixteen 
years of age who have received not less than three years’ instruction in a 
school or schools accepted for examination under Section (5). 
With reference to the number of years of instruction required, it will 
be desirable at first to give some latitude to the Central Board. 
(17) That no certificates for honours or marks for special distinction 
should be given, but that it should be open to the examiners to recommend 
the award of scholarships within a school or group of schools when called 
upon to do so. 
(18) That scholars who are in a school which, in the opinion of the 
Board of Education, is unable to conform to these regulations, might be 
allowed to enter for the examinations under special regulations approved 
by the Central Board. 
The Leaving Certificates of the Scotch Education Department. 
These certificates are not awarded on the results of an examination 
alone, but, in addition, the Department require to be satisfied that the 
course of instruction followed by candidates has been of adequate range 
and quality, and that proper attention has been paid to those elements 
of the curriculum which do not admit of being tested by examination 
papers. 
This is ascertained by inspection of schools where candidates are at 
work, including oral examination by the inspector. 
A Leaving Certificate examination is held annually at a number of 
centres, usually the schools from which candidates are presented. 
In the case of subjects other than science and drawing, the examina- 
tion is a written one held in June at all centres simultaneously. 
The papers in any subject are the same at all centres. 
There are three standards in the written examination : Lower, Higher, 
and Honours Grade. 
The examinations in science and drawing are based more directly on the 
curriculum and work of schools, care being taken to preserve uniformity 
of standard. 
