TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION A. 451 
seasonal variations of rainfall of the Indian land area for each year of the 
period :— 
Variation of Mean Actual Rainfall of Period from Normal. 
South-west 
| Cold Weather : | Hot Weather : Coreiee 
ae | danuaryand | March to May | — Period: Mihele eee 
February | June to 
| December 
1891 . 5 : + 0°34 +0°37 — 425 — 354 
1892 . : : —0°39 —0°21 + 5°69 | + 5:09 
1893 . . Zl} +1:63 + 2°72 | + 4:72 | + 9:07 
1894 . ; 4 + 0°48 —0°76 + 6°75 + 6:47 
1895 . 5 : —0:01 — 0:23 | — 1:95 — 2:19 
1896 . : : —0'42 —0°82 | — 8°59 | — 4:83 
1897 . : : —0:01 —0:12 — 0:02 | — O15 
1898 . : : +0°50 —1-:00 + 0:93 + 0°43 
1899 . : 3 —0°38 +058 — 11°34 | —11:14 
1900 . : : —0:02 — 0:25 — 0:26 |; — O57 
1901 . . ; +147 —0-48 — 6:12 i) a3 
1902 . : ; —0:57 +016 — 164 — 2:05 
Normal roughly . 1 inch 5 inches 35 inches 41 inches 
2. The following gives the chief features of the rainfall of the first period, 
1892-4 :— 
(a) The excess was almost as marked in the dry as in the wet season. 
This is strongly shown in the year 1893 of maximum excess. 
(6) The excess was on the whole more strongly exhibited in the field of the 
Bombay than of the Bengal current. 
(ce) The rainfall of the dry season was as markedly in excess in Perfia, Balu- 
chistan, Afghanistan, and the Himalayan area as in Northern India. 
(d) The maximum height of the Nile floods (in September) was above the 
average. They were abnormally high in 1892 and 1894. 
(¢) The rains were favourable over Australia and South Africa during this 
period, according to the reports received in India. 
(7) Hence, as a general inference, the rainfall was in general excess in each 
year of the period over the Indo-oceanic region, and not only in the south-west 
but also in the north-east monsoon in Southern Asia. 
3, The chief features of the rainfall of the second period, 1895-1902, in the 
Indo-oceanic region were as follows :— 
(a) The rainfall was as deficient relatively to the normal in the cold weather 
as in the rains or wet season. 
(6) The cold-weather or winter precipitation was almost continuously in 
marked defect in Asiatic Turkey, Persia, Afyhanistan, Baluchistan, the Hima- 
layan area, and South Thibet. The opposite variation obtained in Central Asia, as 
is shown by available data for Tashkend, Samarcand, Irkutsk, and other stations. 
(c) The storms of the cold weather were fewer in number and feebler in 
character in each year of the period than on the average of the preceding sixteen 
years 1876-91. 
(d) The south-west monsoon rainfall was most largely in defect in the 
interior districts served by the Bombay current. 
(e) There was a marked tendency in each year for late commencement and 
early withdrawal of the monsoon currents, and for deficient rainfall through- 
out the whole season over the greater part of India. These features were very 
pronounced in the years 1896, 1899, and 1901. 
Q@Ga2 
