634 REPORT—1904. 
the South and West of England would be open for the arrival of Athelstan’s sup- 
porters. 
The battle was a final struggle for supremacy between the North and the South, 
resulting in favour of the South. 
5, The Lipari Islands and their Volcanoes. 
By Tempest ANDERSON, .D., B.Sc. 
TUESDAY, AUGUST 23. 
The following Papers were read :— 
1. Exhibit of Maps and Photographs showing Effects of Earth Movements 
near Naples ; with a Note on the Area affected by them. By R. T. 
Guntuer, JA. 
The Committee appointed in 1900 for the investigation of coast changes in the 
Bay of Naples laid a brief Report before the meeting of 1901, but the complete 
results! were not published until after the meeting last year, The exhibit now 
made consists of maps and photographs showing some of the results of the work. 
The land-levels illustrated are three in number :— 
1. The Greeco-Roman land-level (about 16 feet above the present). 
The large map exhibited is an original survey of the present coast-line of 
Posilipo, upon which the submerged foundations of buildings and a conjectural 
restoration of the ancient Roman foreshore are marked. The submerged artificial 
remains discovered were grouped in three regions, of which the largest, the Gaiola 
region, seems to Lave been dry for about a quarter of a mile beyond the present 
shore. Here were seen the foundations of those colonnades, temples, and pavilions 
by the sea, moles and harbour works, of which so many frescoed drawings still 
exist. Between the submerged regions, Naples, and Pozzuoli are indications of an 
ancient roadway, which probably became impassable when the land subsided. 
Corroborative evidence of this Graeco-Roman land-level was obtained at Misenum, 
Capri, Sorrento, and elsewhere in the Bay of Naples. 
2. The Medieval Land-level (12-23 feet below the present, and thus in places 
about 40 feet below the Greeco-Roman land-level), 
Photographs showing erosion lines etched at this period at Capri, Sorrento, 
Pozzuoli, Nisida, &c., are exhibited. 
3. The Modern Land-level. 
Recently the author has endeavoured to extend his work by tracing the influ- 
ence of the changes of land-level upon the growth of the city of Naples,’ and more 
especially upon the positions of its harbours and buildings on the foreshore. The 
real site of the Roman harbour of Neapolis was not, he considers, situated where 
archeeologists would have it—viz., some way inland, where ruins of a so-called 
Roman lighthouse are stated to have been found near the churches of the Gesu 
Vecchio and S. Giovanni Maggiore, but further south at a lower level. The 
classical foreshore sank during the Dark Ages till by the eleventh century the sea 
reached far inland, in fact as far as the rising ground upon which the southern 
ramparts of the town were built. The land was at this low level when the great 
Angevin constructions, the Castel Nuovo, the Molo Piccolo, and the Molo Angivino, 
were commenced. The subsequent upward movements were of an irregular and 
discontinuous character, and the land has not returned to the Roman level by 
some 16 feet. 
There are reasons for believing that these changes have affected a wide area. 
The author has already shown that they have not been confined to the Bay of 
Naples, but extended as far north as Rome and as far south as Pestum. There 
> Geographical Journal, August and September, 1903; Archeéologia, vol. lviii. 
2 Geographical Jowrnal, August, 1904, 
