7140 REPORT—1904. 
classification of the chambered structures and pointed to a stage of transition 
from the chamber to the short cist. 
The cairn, which was large but mutilated, contained two small chambers and 
a short cist, and presented the further curious feature that it was placed on the 
top of a shell refuse heap of considerable extent. 
Both chambers were of the atypical form, measuring 4 feet long by 3 feet 
wide, and 4 feet deep. They were placed radially to the edge of the cairn. The 
closed cist was 3 feet 3 inches by 2 feet 1 inch, and 2 feet deep. 
The chambers both contained burnt bones, one the fragment of an unburnt 
skeleton, and the short cist an unburnt interment. 
The chambers yielded flakes and a knife of flint, broken fragments of quartz 
pebbles, and flakes of pitchstone and pottery. This last provided the key to the 
period to which the chambers belonged, for in one a typical piece of chamber 
pottery was found, with fragments of a second; in the other, fragments of four 
vessels were recovered, of the ‘ beaker’ or ‘drinking-cup’ class. ‘The decoration 
was zonular in one, but irregular in the others. 
The phenomena indicate a triple occupation of the site at three successive 
epochs. The presence of the ‘beaker’ type of ceramic seems to point to the small 
chamber being a date departure from the normal chamber structure. 
8. The Cimaruta, a Neapolitan Charm. By R. T. Ginruer, ILA. 
A series of specimens and lantern-slides of this interesting compound charm 
was exhibited in order to draw attention to the manner in which it has become 
developed from a number of primitively independent emblems which have been 
grafted upon a silver representation of a sprig of rue. Notwithstanding the varied 
proportions and positions of the component parts, a certain uniformity of plan is 
always conspicuous, even in the most degenerate specimens; but in its modifica- 
tions it is an excellent example of the working of the laws of evolution. Its 
efficacy as a charm would be impaired by too great a departure from the proto- 
type, while the requirements of technique and of decorative art have produced 
series of interesting variations. Several vestigial and useless structures, which no 
doubt had some purpose once, have been retained. 
To represent the structure of these complex charms the author has employed 
certain constitutional formule, in which the various emblems are represented by 
their initial letters, and brackets are used to denote the mutual relationships of 
the parts, as in the following examples :— 
1. The charm, consisting of a lotus-flower (L) held in a fist (F), is represented 
F(L). 
2. The cimaruta, in which the three-branched rue-sprig supports a fist, a moon, 
a fist, a key and a fist, in order from left to right, is represented 
R,(F+M+F+K+F). 
5. In a more complex type of cimaruta certain emblems hold secondary 
emblems. For instance, the fist (F) and the cock (C) may hold the lotus-flower 
(L), and the moon (M) may support the cock (C). This is represented by the 
formula 
R,[F(L) + K + M(C) + C(L) + F). 
Similar formule may be of use in the representation of other objects, such as the 
mano pantea and the Barone lamps. 
The majority of the emblems combined with the cimaruta have been associated 
with the cult of Diana, but others are apparently operative as ayerters of the evil 
eye by their insulting gestures; with others the attribute of watchfulness has 
been associated. 
