718 REPORT—1904, 
7. Graphical Representation of the various Racial Human Types. 
By W. L. H. Duckworra, IA. 
The methods of representation devised by Keane, Flinders Petrie, Thomson, 
and Stratz were reviewed. The author’s proposal is to adopt the simile of a proto- 
plasmic organism with processes corresponding to the several morphological types. 
The communication was illustrated by diagrams, 
8. Exhibit of Amorite Crania. By Professor A. Macatister, F.R.S. 
Professor Macalister exhibited a number of skulls from the excavations made by 
the Palestine Exploration Fund at Gezer, representing the ethnology of the third 
and fourth strata, and also, for comparison, some from the tombs of the last stratum 
of Maccabean age. No skulls belonging to the first and second strata are repre- 
sented in the series, the peoples of these strata having practised cremation. 
9. Report on Anthropometric Investigations among the Native Troops of 
the Egyptian Army.'—See Reports, p. 339. 
10. The Variability of Modern and Ancient Peoples. 
By ©. S. Myers, 1.D. 
It has been generally supposed that modern peoples deviate more widely than 
ancient peoples from their respective means. The writer’s investigations upon the 
Egyptian fellahin, however, lend no support to this supposition, alike in length, 
breadth, and horizontal circumference of head and in cephalic index. ‘The 
variability of the modern population of Kena and the neighbouring district is not 
sensibly different from that of inhabitants of the same region six or seven thousand 
years ago, as deduced by Miss Fawcett and others from the Nakada collection. 
So, too, the variability in cephalic index of ancient Bavarian skulls is found to be 
almost identical with that of the modern Bavarian population ; and the variability 
of the cephalic index in modern French and English does not exceed, but is pro- 
bablyv less than, that in ancient Gaulish and British skulls respectively. 
More evidence is urgently needed, but what little we have supports the con- 
trary hypothesis that modern and ancient populations living under like conditions 
of country and climate differ little in variability. Professor Karl Pearson, on the 
other hand, supposing that a diminishing struggle for existence encourages the 
persistence of individuals showing greater variability, believes that variability 
increases with increasing civilisation. The opposite view, however, appears 
tenable, that stringent selection encourages greater variability. It explains why 
in several features the oppressed Copts show greater variability than the 
Mahommedan population of Egypt, and the Whitechapel series of skulls of the 
sixteenth century is more variable than the general upper middle and upper class 
population of modern England. The more prosperous community tends to 
homogeneity ; in other words, to regression towards its mean. 
TUESDAY, AUGUST 23. 
The following Papers and Report were read :— 
1. Note on Prehistoric Archeology in Greece! By Dr. P. KaBBADIAS. 
The author pointed out that few traces of the Stone Age had been found in 
Greece, the early settlements in all probability having been reoccupied by settlers 
belonging to the later Mycenzan civilisation. In Thessaly neolithic settlements 
1 Published in full in Man, 1904, 112. 
