724 REPORT—1904. 
from which the bulk of the well-known Danish flint implements have been 
derived. In a peat-bog in Western Zeeland, near a small harbour called Mullerey, 
not far from the Great Belt, were found many objects of stone and wood of a 
primitive order, evidently from an early part of the Stone Age. A careful study 
of these objects and of their position in the bog proved that the prehistoric 
inhabitants who left or dropped those implements must have been dwelling on 
rafts in the middle of a lake. It was indeed a ‘lake dwelling, but not on piles 
like the lake dwellings of Switzerland and Northern Italy, for in this case the 
dwelling of the early inhabitants was floating on the surface of the water. 
(8) It has been discovered during the last few years what kinds of grains of 
corn, wheat, and barley were in common use in the different prehistoric periods 
of Denmark. As in many other countries, a large quantity of earthen vessels or 
bits of broken pottery have been found in the prehistoric tombs, and on the site 
of old dwellings. In examining these objects one finds sometimes in the pottery 
(but not very frequently) impressions of grains of corn, which give exactly the 
shape of the grain. Thus we are able, by comparison, to determine the variety of 
grain used in those prehistoric times. It is to be supposed that the places where 
the pottery was made in prehistoric times had sometimes served, a little before, 
as a threshing-floor. The Museum in Copenhagen has gradually been acquiring 
the most important pieces of this kind found in Denmark, and preserved formerly 
in private collections, 
(4) Special study has been devoted lately to the distribution of tumuli in 
different parts of Denmark. Archzeological maps have been made in the last few 
years of a great part of the country; and all tumuli, all burial and dwelling 
places, and all localities in which prehistoric implements have been found, are 
marked on these maps. The Director of the Prehistoric Museum of Copenhagen, 
Dr. Sophus Miiller, who has been the leader in this cartography, has recently 
stated that the tumuli always follow ancient roads through the country, and that 
lines of tumuli always lead towards the fords of the larger rivers, and avoid the 
swampy ground, It is to be supposed that the people who were buried in the 
tumuli had dwelt near their graves, and traces of such dwelling-places have been 
found at some few places. 
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 24, 
The following Papers and Reports were read :-— 
1. Classification Sociale... Par EpMonp DeEmMoLINs. 
Ceci est un essai pour substituer & la classification élémentaire et artificielle de 
Le Play,iqui est aujourd’hui insuffisante, une classification naturelle des Sociétés 
humaines. Au lieu de classer les types sociaux d’aprés un seul caractére, ce qui est 
artificiel, j’entreprends de faire le classement d’aprés l'ensemble des caractéres, 
actuellement mieux connu, grace aux progrés de la science. 
Ce travail est le résultat de vingt-cing années d’études, poursuivies sans inter- 
ruption depuis la mort de mon maitre Frédéric Le Play. 
Les deux Formations sociales.—Toutes les Sociétés qui existent la surface du 
globe peuvent se ramener & deux grandes divisions : 
1° La Formation communautaire, dans laquelle on cherche a résoudre le probléme 
social, en s’appuyant sur la communauté plus que sur soi-méme. 
2° La Formation particulariste, dans laquelle on cherche 4 résoudre le probléme 
social, en s’appuyant sur soi-méme plus que sur la communauté, 
La premiére de ces deux Formations domine dans VOrient et explique son 
immobilité; la seconde domine dans l'Occident et explique son mouvement 
progressif, 
Les siz Genres.—Ainsi que V’indique le tableau ci-aprés, chaque Formation 
To be published in full (in English) in Man, 1905. 
