TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 725 
sociale se divise en trois genres: stable, instable, ébranié, pour la Formation 
communautaire ; ébauché, ébranlé, développé, pour la Formation particulariste. 
Les Groupes et les Régions.—Chacune de ces deux subdivisions du genre est 
formée de circonscriptions géographiques qui présentent des caractéres sociaux 
communs. Le nombre des Groupes et des Régions est indéfini et ira toujours en 
augmentant, & mesure que la science aura découvert des phénoménes nouveaux, ou 
quelle aura mieux analysé les phénoménes déjai observés, 
Dans chaque Groupe et dans chaque Région les types sont classés dans l’ordre 
de la complication sociale croissante. La complication résulte, le plus ordinaire- 
ment, de la nature et du développement du travail dominant, suivant cet ordre, 
révélé par un demi-siécle d’observations méthodiques: Art pastoral, Péche, Chasse, 
Cueillette, Culture, Exploitation miniére, Fabrication, Transports et Commerce. 
La Science sociale a déji & sa disposition un instrument d’analyse, la No- 
menclature établie par Henri de Tourville. J'ai l’espoir qu’elle va posséder 
maintenant un cadre rigoureux, pour enregistrer et classer méthodiquement les 
résultats acquis par l’analyse. 
2. Further Hecavations on a Paleolithic Site in Ipswich. 
By Nina Frances Layarp. 
At the meeting of the British Association held in Belfast in September 1902 
paleolithic implements from the brick earth of Ipswich were shown. As the pit 
from which they were taken was being worked for clay, and a large number of 
men were employed, it was impossible to make accurate observations either with 
regard to geological conditions or the precise position in which the flints were 
found. 
With a view to a more thorough examination of the site a committee was 
appointed in October last to arrange special excavations for this purpose. 
» The pit is situated on a plateau above the town of Ipswich. A slight 
depression appears to indicate the position of a former valley cut through boulder 
clay and now silted up, or a small lake formed on the uneven surface of the land. 
An area measuring ten yards by six was marked out and worked from the 
surface down to the implement-bearing bed. 
Two workmen only were employed, and their work was daily superintended 
by the writer, who took measurements of the depth at which every flint was 
found. 
It had already been noticed that implements occurred at depths varying from 
8 to 123 feet in other parts of the clay pit, but it was proved by working regularly 
from west to east of the pit that they were all in reality on one floor, which 
gradually rose several feet from what appeared to be the margin of a former lake. 
Only in one instance out of forty was a tool found lying directly above another. 
A red gravel-stain in the clay marked out the position of the palolithic bed, 
and immediately below this the flints were always found. Guided by this 
ferruginous stain the bed could be traced with tolerable precision. 
Besides forty implements a number of flints showing human work were dis- 
covered. 
The tools were of considerable diversity of form, and it was noticed that all 
the oval and ovate sharp-rimmed implements, of which there were fifteen examples, 
were in and under compact clay, while the gravels, which sloped down to the clay, 
contained a large number of rougher tools of other shapes. 
The position of the oval implements possibly points to their particular use, for 
if, as Sir John Evans has suggested, they may have been missiles for hurling at 
water-fowl, the discovery of them in the shallows of what was formerly a lake 
bottom tends to confirm this view. It was also significant that the only flints 
discovered in the clay were implements, no natural pebbles being found with 
them. This could not have been the case if they had been washed down from the 
adjoining gravels, Three fine specimens, which were lying close together, are 
* To be published in full in Jowrn, Anthr. Inst., xxiv. 
