68 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JULY 
pp. 132-141) reports the result of work during 1896 in treatment of leaf spot 
of plum and cherry with Bordeaux mixture. F.C. Stewart (N. Y. no. II, 
pp- 154-182) presents a comprehensive account of the downy mildew of the 
cucumber (Plasmopara Cubensis (B. & C.) Humph.), especially of its destruc- 
tive appearance during 1896 upon Long Island, and of a successful treatment 
with Bordeaux mixture. A.D. Selby (Ohio no. 79, pp. 97-141) writes about 
a large number of fungous diseases of orchard and garden crops, and also 
presents a spray calendar as supplement to the bulletin. J. W. Toumey 
(Ariz. no. 22, pp. 3-32) gives much good advice regarding weeds, and some 
account of thirteen of the worst weeds of Arizona. H. L. Bolley (N. D., no. 
27, pp. 109-164) reports numerous experiments and studies on the smuts of 
wheat, oats, and barley, extending over a period of three years, and embrac- 
ing structural and developmental studies, use of hot water, corrosive subli- 
mate, formalin, potassium sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other treatments, 
with many practical and technical discussions. G. P. Clinton (Ill. no. 47, pp. 
373-412) writes upon broom corn smut, Usti/ago Sorghi, or, according to the 
author, Cintractia Sorghi-vulgaris (Tul.) Clint. Among the topics studied 
were the germination of the spores, growth of the smut, infection, successful 
hot water treatment, together with historical and bibliographical notes. A. 
D. Selby and J. F. Hickman (Ohio, no. 78, pp. 92-96) give some observations 
and a general account of corn smut, Usti/ago Zea. ¥. D. Chester (Del., no. 
34, pp. 3-22) records the results of the use of fungicides during the year 
1896, especially in use of Bordeaux mixture for peach rot and apple scab, 
and of sulphur for diseases of potato tubers. L.R. Jones and W. A. Orton 
(Vt. no. 56, pp. 3-15) give an excellent summary of the distribution and 
history of the orange hawkweed (/ieracium aurantiacum) with practical 
suggestions. L. H. Pammel (Iowa, no. 34, pp. 656-686) writes about some 
troublesome weeds of the mustard family. Fred W. Card (Neb., no. 48, pp- 
69-96) has studied windbreaks in a scientific manner, and records their 
effects upon soil moisture, soil evaporation, air conditions, and the growth of 
adjoining plants.—J. C. A. 
A NUMBER of papers of ecological and geographical interest have recently 
appeared in Scandinavian publications. One of the more important is by 
Erikson, on the sand flora of the east coast of Scania in southern Sweden.® 
The sand vegetation is of three types: strand, dune, sandy field ; the strand 
and dune floras are characterized by halophytes, the sandy fields by grasses. 
The plants exhibit the usual xerophyte adaptations, such as annual habit, 
abundant pubescence, rosette, and espalier forms, deep and often fleshy roots, 
well-developed underground stems, thick epidermal walls, isolateral assiml- 
latory tissue, thickening of outer root tissues. Ryan and Hagen have made 
5 Bihang till Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 22. No. 3. 77 pp. Stockholm, 
1896. See Bot. Cent. Bet. 6:512-515. 
