70 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [yuLy 
The author includes only those forms that occur commonly in the soil but are 
occasionally epiphytic. Six ferns and ninety-seven seed plants are noted. 
These epiphytes occur most commonly where the trunk branches or near the 
ase. Trees and shrubs are more common than herbs, Serdus Aucuparia 
being by far the most abundant form. These epiphytes must be adapted to 
endure a large amount of shade and considerable drouth, and must also be 
able to take root and grow in shallow soil. Seeds are conveyed to the place 
of germination by birds, winds, and mechanical fruit contrivances. Plants 
with heavy seeds are not epiphytic. In connection with studies by Scandi- 
navian botanists there may be noted a paper by Rabot on the limits in alti- 
tude of the forests of northern Scandinavia.* The country is well fitted for a 
comparative study of horizontal and vertical forest limits. The maximum 
heights, of course, decrease northward, but with considerable irregularity, and 
are not proportional to the latitude. Proximity to the sea is an important 
factor, the northward decrease being much greater inland than near the 
coast. Trees ascend considerably higher on a broken mountain chain than 
ona plateau. The northern limits of the pine, and also the vertical limits 
on the mountains, have retreated considerably during the past 150 years. 
Rabot’s studies were extended into Russian Lapland.—H. C. C 
2tRev. Gen. Bot. 8: 385-417. 1896. 
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