132 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ AUGUST 
ANOTHER VOLUME of the Mzznesota Botanical Studies was issued May 31, 
forming Bulletin no. g of the Geological and Natural History Survey of 
Minnesota. The bulky volume of 341 (703-1043) pages and forty-two 
plates shows an unusual amount of botanical activity, containing nine papers 
as follows: Contributions to a knowledge of the lichens of Minnesota, II, 
by Bruce Fink (pp. 703-725). A rearrangement of the North American 
Hyphomycetes, by Roscoe Pound and Frederic E. Clements (pp. 726-738). 
On some mosses at high altitudes, by J. M. Holzinger (pp. 739-742). The 
forces determining the position of dorsiventral leaves, by R. N. Day (pp. 743 
~752). On the genus Coscinodon in Minnesota, by J. M. Holzinger (pp. 753- 
759). Observations on the fern and flowering plants of the Hawaiian islands, 
‘by A. A. Heller (pp. 760-922). The phenomena of symbiosis, by Albert 
Schneider (pp. 923-948). Observations on the distribution of plants along 
shore at Lake of the Woods, by Conway MacMillan (pp. 949-1023). The 
alkaloids of Veratrum, by George R. Frankforter (pp. 1024-1043). The eco- 
logical paper by Professor MacMillan is especially noteworthy, since it is the 
first of its kind published in America. His main results were presented 
before the Botanical Society of America at its meeting last summer, and were 
summarized in the GAZETTE of last September. The paper should be a 
stimulus to many students who ought to turn their attention to this very 
important field of observation, dealing as it does with the great mass prob- 
lems of vegetation in relation to environment. It isa kind of work especially 
adapted to the isolated worker who has no good laboratory and library facili- 
ties, and who wishes to do something more than to “collect.” Besides, it is 
the great coming field of botanical activity in America, destined to set aside 
somewhat the physiological work which has begun to become sterile through 
its mechanical development in the direction of small and secondary prob- 
lems.—J. M. C 
Mr. C. B. DavENProRT” has been studying the role of water in growth. 
In his -paper he first considers the definition of growth in organisms, next 
analyzes the processes of growth, then shows what an important part water 
plays in the growth and the significance of this fact for the developmental 
process in general, and finally discusses the bearing of the new facts upon 
previously formulated laws of growth. His conclusions are summarized as 
follows: He recognizes a general parallelism between the developmental 
processes occurring at the tip of a twig and in the animal embryo. In both 
there is first a period of rapid cell division with slow growth; next, a grand 
period in which the general form of the embryo is acquired, the 4n/agen of 
the organs are established, and the organism increases rapidly in size by 
imbibition of water ; and, lastly, a period in which histological differentiation 
is carried on while the absolute growth increments cease to increase. Finally 
"9 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 28: 73-84. 1897. 
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