1897] LHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY OF THE ANGIOSPERMS 175 
Since gamopetaly has evidently been attained at more than one 
point, it is no longer desirable to retain the Gamopetalz as a 
distinct group. It must constantly be borne in mind that these 
orders and their sub-orders, as well as the families, are diversely 
related to one another, sometimes serially, but more commonly 
divergently, as the twigs of a tree are related, now by direct 
extension, and then by lateral branching (see fig. 3) 
It still remains to work out the particular relationship of the 
families to one another in the orders of monocotyledons and the 
sub-orders of dicotyledons, in accordance with the general prin 
ciples here laid down. This the present writer hopes to complete 
within the next year or two, having already accomplished some- 
what in this direction. This will prepare the way for a natural 
arrangement of the genera in the families, a task which may well 
claim many years for its completion. 
The distribution (but not necessarily the exact sequence) of 
the families among the orders may be indicated as follows :*° 
ORDER THALAMIFLOR&. 
Sub-order Ranatles. 
Families: Ranunculacee, Dilleniacee, Calycanthacee, Magnoliaceze 
Anonacex, Myristicaceze, Monimiacez, Chloranthacee, Menispermacee, Ben- 
beridacee, Lauracez, Nympheacez. 
Sub-order Parietales. 
Families: Sarraceniacee, Papaveracee, Crucifere, rceilig SO 
Resedacez, Cistacez, Violacez, Canellacex, Bixacee, Samydacex, Lacist 
macee, Nepenthacez, 
Sub-order Polygatlales. 
Families : Pittosporacee, Tremandracee, Polygalacee, Vochysiacex. 
Sub-order Caryophylales. 
Families : Caryophyllacee,  Frankeniacee, Tamaricacee, cael 
> Portulacacez, Ficoidez ; > Phytolaccacee ; > Nyctaginacee ; > Illece 
brace, Amaranthacez, Chaneiadeecects Polygonacee ; EE eaeth 
some sub-orders which have been more exhaustively studied a rearrangement 
of the Siete. has been made and genetic lines indicated by the sign > which may be 
read “ st whence came,” each line being derived from the family first named in the 
sub-ord 
