THE RELATION OF NUTRIENT SALTS TO TURGOR. 
Epwin BINGHAM COPELAND. 
INTRODUCTORY. 
Ir is now about twenty years since turgor stepped into a 
prominent place in vegetable physiology. At almost the same 
time Pfeffer* demonstrated the previously unsuspected heights 
attained by osmotic pressure, and de Vries? applied it to the 
dark problem of the dynamics of growth. The new discovery 
proved a scientific gold field and turgor was immediately invoked 
as the solvent of a variety of problems where more familiar agen- 
cies had been found inadequate. The exaggerated importance 
ascribed to it in growth endured almost to the present day, when 
the experiments of de Vries, ? Wieler,* Stange,’ Hegler,° Pfeffer,” 
Schwendener and Krabbe,’ Kolkwitz,? and Copeland © have 
shown that it cannot supply the energy necessary for growth 
(Pfeffer), that growth can occur without turgor stretching 
( Pfeffer, Kolkwitz), and that abnormally slow growth is more 
Osmotische Untersuchungen. 1877. 
* Untersuchungen iiber die mechanischen Ursachen der Zellstreckung. Leipzig. 
*Rine Methode zur Analyse der Turgorkraft. Jahrb f. wiss. Botanik 14: 427. 
See also page 561 
* Berichte d. Richiihes bot. Gesell. 5 :375. 1887. 
SBeziehungen zwischen Substratconcentration, Turgor, und Wachsthum bei 
