140 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ AUGUST 
The foregoing synopsis of characters does not always bring 
together plants of similar habit, as, for example, Cryptanthe 
Jamesii (N. America) and C. (Eritrich.) gnaphalioides (Chili), 
but it does aid in showing (1) that the Chilian species are an 
expansion of the North American development, and (2) that 
while identical species exist in the two zones there was also 
possible a distribution long enough ago to permit noticeable 
individuality to arise in the Chilian group. 
To summarize briefly: More than 130 species of Borra- 
ginoidew-Eritrichiee have been described in western North 
America, of which over 60 per cent. are confined to the Sonoran 
zone. Fewer than ten of these species pass into northern 
Mexico; but one into southern Mexico. In the Chilian xero- 
phytic zone, from 23° S. to 34° S., more than one hundred Borra- 
ginoidee-Eritrichiee have been described, of which five or six 
are high mountain forms of a wider distribution southward and 
northward, especially in the high Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and 
Ecuador. But there remains a region of more than twenty 
degrees latitude from which Borraginoidex-Eritrichiex are 
absent, or in which they occur very sparingly. 
The southward extension of this group may be ascribed in 
part to glacial agency, inasmuch as some species belong to the 
high Andean boreal element. Mechanical arrangements for 
distribution are found in the easy disarticulation of the fruit, and 
its needle-like hairiness in Cryptanthe and Eremocarya; in the 
roughened or spined carpels of certain species ; and in the long, 
sharp-haired calyx lobes of others. 
With the Borraginoidex-Eritrichiee may be presented een 
the genus Pectocarya. The genus embraces the two sections 
Ktenospermum and Gruvelia. 
KTENOSPERMUo has the same species, P. /inearis, in California, 
Utah, Arizona, and in Chili. From California north to British 
Columbia is var. fenicillata, and in Peru a similar var. laterifiora. 
GroveELiA has P. sefosa, a distinctly marked species confined 
to southern California and Nevada. There is a more common 
and widely distributed form of this section which Gray added to 
Rigel aoe Se eats = 
