1898 | REGENERATION AS EXHIBITED BY MOSSES 171 
ogous with protonemal productions. They become detached 
from the leaf and under proper conditions grow out into proto- 
nema filaments, although in some cases growth may begin before 
detachment. 
The formation of a protonema and the later production of a 
new plant has been observed from the calyptra of Conomutrium 
Julianum. According to Goebel” the formation was from the 
inner side, and according to Schimper,” from the outer surface. 
Limpricht ™ has also recorded the production of protonemata 
by the detached calyptrae of Phascum. 
Limpricht” ascribes to all parts of the moss plant a very 
great power of regeneration since he says: ‘Alle Teile der Moss- 
pflanze besitzen die Fahigkeit, sekundare Protonema zu erzeu- 
gen,” and specifically in regard to the stem: ‘Auch jede Zelle 
der Stengeloberflaiche ist fahig einen Protonemafaden zu bilden.” 
In a great majority of cases, however, an intervention of rhizoid 
production occurs. The sessile or stalked brood-bodies of Pleu- 
ridium alternifolium originate from the stem. Bryum erythrocarpum® 
produces axillary brood-bodies, and Webdera annotina and W,. 
Ludwigii** produce axillary bulbils which detach themselves 
from the stem and grow without the intervention of any proto- 
nemata. Schulze*™ records the production of bulbils by the stem 
of Hypnum aduncum which detach themselves and grow in a 
similar way. The brood-bodies of Aulacomnium and of Jetra- 
phis pellucida also originate from the stem. Mention should 
also be made here of the work of Miiller-Turgau”® on the pro- 
duction of ‘ Zweigvorkeime.” 
Not only the gametophyte, but also various parts of the 
sporophyte are able to produce protonemata. This has been 
observed by Stahl 7 from the capsules and setae for Ceratodon pur- 
pureus, and by Pringsheim™ for Hypnum serpens, H. cupresstforme, 
BOD. LTT 3. 2S Leid., Fis 
 LIMPRICHT, Laubmoose 1:65. 5 Bot. Centralblatt 31: 382-384. 1887. 
2 Ibid., 61 and 63. %6 Arb, d. Bot. Inst. Wiirzb. 1: 475-499. 1874. 
*3 SCHIMPER, Rech. anat. et morph. sur les mousses 19. 1848. 
"7 Bot. Zeitung 34 : 690. 1876. %8 Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 11: 1-46. 
