1898 | REGENERATION AS EXHIBITED BY MOSSES 183 
ally rhizoids. The production of protonemata was then called 
forth by defoliation; the formation of new shoots was only 
accelerated by the defoliation. 
A fact which must be of importance to Funaria was shown 
in the experiments in which whole plants and defoliated stems 
were placed under earth at a depth of 37". The stems in both 
cases formed lateral branches which grew erect from the stems 
which had been buried in a horizontal position. After a lapse 
of two weeks these new shoots first made their appearance above 
the soil. Considering the habitat of Funaria the power of regen- 
eration in this manner is of considerable importance in nature, 
since the plants often become covered with soil and would other- 
wise perish, 
The new shoots from the stem as grown in dark were about 
twice as long as in the light cultures, and the leaves were much 
reduced in size. The cultures in the light showed the new shoots 
to be strongly positively heliotropic. In the dark the new shoots 
grew erect from the prostrate stems. Stems were placed in a Petri 
dish in the ordinary horizontal position, and the dish then 
inverted. The new shoots curved around so as to grow upwards, 
showing them to be distinctly negatively geotropic. 
3. BRYUM CAPILLARE. 
The leaves of this plant show a very remarkable power of 
regeneration. Cultures of the leaves were made the same as for 
Mnium, and part placed in the light and part in the dark cham- 
ber. At the end of a week the majority of the leaves used had 
produced new growths, and these mostly from the basal portion 
of theleaf. The first growth from the leaf cells was of neither a 
pronounced rhizoidal or protonemal nature; the walls were col- 
orless, the cross walls occasionally perpendicular, but more gen- 
erally slightly oblique. With exposure to light the filaments 
tended to a growth of a more decided protonemal nature, the 
cross walls were predominantly perpendicular in the abundant 
lateral branches, and quite often in the main axes also, and the 
cells soon developed an abundant chlorophyll content. With 
