1898 | REGENERATION AS EXHIBITED BY MOSSES 201 
intact also produced buds in the same way, although not in as 
great abundance as in the defoliated stems. The buds were in 
the course of time detached from the stem. This manner of 
bud formation is of interest as affording another example of the 
production of buds without the intervention of protonemata. It 
is very probable that buds are produced this way in nature, and 
the presence of young plants coming from the region of the leaf 
axil confirms the supposition. The direct growth in nature was 
not followed however. 
Mention may be made here of the attempts to obtain pro- 
tonemata from Fontinalis antipyretica. The leaves and stems were 
cultivated in a variety of ways: in water, on earth, and with 
varying amounts of moisture, but no protonemata were obtained 
from either leaves or stem. 
I3. GENERAL EXPERIMENTS. 
As shown by the foregoing experiments, the production of 
buds with reference to light and darkness seems to have been 
in a great measure dependent upon the supply of food material 
which the leaf could afford. The question which naturally sug- 
gests itself at this point is: Can bud production be called forth 
in the dark by the use of some such carbohydrate food as grape 
Sugar, in the case of leaves which in themselves are unable to 
produce buds with the absence of illumination? This is a ques- 
tion difficult to solve, because the majority of leaves require a 
considerable length of time for bud production, and because it 
is impossible to make perfectly sterile cultures. Repeated 
attempts were made with various leaves, with every care pos- 
sible to keep the cultures sterile, but the inroads of bacteria 
and molds usually destroyed the experiments and thus shut 
out all chance of success. 
_ In one instance, however, my efforts were successful and 
that in the case of Phascum cuspidatum. The leaves of this moss 
under ordinary conditions produced protonemata and buds after 
five days. The rapidity of growth made it favorable for experi- 
