1898 ] BRIEFER ARTICLES 351 
reduced to scales and only those that would be sure of reaching above the 
covering expand as true leaves. No stipules are produced. The young 
stem and leaves are glandular pubescent. In a number of seedlings of 
Juglans cinerea examined, the first two to four leaves were of five leaf- 
lets, the next two or three of seven, and the next ones of nine. A few 
had the first leaf above the scales of three leaflets. Often one leaflet 
of the uppermost pair of leaflets was obsolete. In /uglans nigra the 
first two to four leaves were of five leaflets, the next two or three of 
seven, the next two of nine, and where others were present they were 
of eleven leaflets. In Hicoria the first leaf was often entire or three- 
lobed and the next three-lobed or of two leaflets, but usually the first 
four or five leaves were of three leaflets. In the seedlings in the 
garden three or four leaves developed and then a terminal bud was 
formed. About the middle of July many of these buds opened and 
two or three more leaves developed, which were often of five leaflets. 
In the seed in Hicoria the plumule is made up of ten to twelve leaves. 
Probably not all of these develop in the first season. In the seedlings 
of Hicoria in the garden the main stem was often killed in some way 
near the surface of the ground, and the growth of the axis continued 
by a bud from the axil of the cotyledon or of one of the scales. In 
the seedling of. Hicoria ovata figured (fig. 72) the main stem and the 
branch from the axil of one cotyledon had both died and the bud 
from the axil of the other cotyledon taken its place. Often in this 
way two, or even three, stems of about equal vigor arise. 
Facacre®. In Fagus the cotyledons are broader than long, 
notched at the apex and the two folded together into a triangular 
form completely filling the nut. This folding varies in different nuts. 
Basal lobes of the cotyledons surround and nearly cover the radicle. 
In Castanea the cotyledons have two to six basal lobes that nearly 
cover the radicle and the cotyledons are broadly ovate, thick, and 
entire. In Quercus the cotyledons are oval to orbicular, very thick, 
and entire, varying in size and shape in the different species. e 
basal lobes, two to six, completely cover the radicle. 
In Fagus the shell splits in germinating along the three angles 
and the root pushes out, then the cotyledons expand and enlarge and 
Split the shell more and throw it off. The hypocotyl lengthens con- 
siderably and raises the sessile cotyledons well above the ground. In 
Castanea the cotyledons swell where their petioles join them so as to 
force the two apart and split the shell. Then the basal lobes push out 
