1898] GERMINATION OF FUNGUS SPORES 401 
ions of sodium are very different in their chemical, physical, 
and physiological properties from molecules of sodium. 
Arrhenius, as quoted by Ostwald (2. c.), was thus led to the 
conclusion that ‘the properties of salt solutions must be capable 
of representation as the binary sums of the properties of the 
ions.” This generalization has later been made more particular 
and has been qualified slightly by Kahlenberg and True (Z:90; 
who extend their reasoning to the domain of physiological 
effects. They say: ‘Now, if, in the case of the solutions in 
question, all the chemical and physical properties are due to the 
properties of the ions plus those of the undissociated molecules 
it contains, it seems very probable that the physiological effects 
produced by such solutions are due to these.” 
The above proposition is then amply substantiated by these 
authors and by F. D. Heald (Z. ¢.) in a series of experiments 
upon seedlings of flowering plants. 
TABLE XXI. 
Non-poisonous | Poisonous 
Substance Cathion Anion Substance Cathion Anion 
MgSO# M 50, HgCl Hg+ 
BaCl, Ba - . Hcl’ H+ 
NaC] Na+ cir H,SO, H-+t 
Mg + Cl KCN CN — 
NaC,H,0, a+ |C;H,O,— CuSO, ot! 
= Br Cu(NO, Cu 
K + I—/. | Ca(C HO Cor 
K,Mn,0, K+ MnO, CuCl, u+ 
NH,NO, K,CrO, CrO, — 
NH,Cl K,Cr,0, Cr,0,— 
C,H,O KOH ean 
NaOH OH — 
NI,OH OH — 
In the first column of table XXI is given a list of salts . 
which have been proven non-poisonous. The strengths were 
Such that there were in the solution many undissociated mole- 
cules; many also of the molecules were dissociated; hence, as - 
these solutions proved non-toxic at the strength used, it may be 
