THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAMETOPHYTES AND 
FERTILIZATION IN JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS 
AND JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA 
ALICE M. OTTLEY 
(WITH PLATES I—IV) 
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS 
The present paper is based upon a study of Juniperus communis 
and of Juniperus virginiana. J. communis was worked out more 
in detail, and throughout the following description it is the species 
referred to unless otherwise stated. Since this study was begun, two 
papers, SLupsky (22) and Norén (20), based on a study of J. com- 
munis, have appeared. In the main Norén’s observations have 
been confirmed by the present study. He gave a very complete history 
of the literature relating to Juniperus and it will not be necessary to 
repeat it here. 
The pistillate and staminate cones of J. communis were collected 
about one and a half miles southeast of Wellesley, Mass., those of J. 
virginiana from the campus of Wellesley College and near-by places. 
The collection of the material began the second week in March, 1905, 
and continued until the latter part of June of the same year. Fresh 
material was gathered once a week from March 13 through the first 
week in May; from May 8 until June 26 collections were made twice 
a week. The material was kept in water and put up approximately 
every other day. Pistillate cones of J. communis for 1903, 1904, 
and 1905, and of J. virginiana for 1905 were collected; the staminate 
cones were put up until the shedding of the pollen, which in 1905 was 
on May g for J. virginiana and May 11 for J. communis. The fixing 
agent used was Flemming’s chromacetosmic solution and the stain 
gentian violet and orange G. 
Besides the slides prepared from this material I have had the 
privilege of studying one hundred slides which were prepared by Miss 
FERGUSON in the spring of 1903. These were of great value in giving 
the igen dates at which to look for certain desirable stages, 
31] [Botanical Gazette, vol. 48 
