1909] OTTLEY—JUNIPERUS 4I 
PROEMBRYO AND EMBRYO 
I cannot confirm STRASBURGER’S (24) observation that the fusion 
nucleus moves to the organic apex of the archegonium before it 
divides. Fig. 32 shows two nuclei in the resting stage and surrounded 
with cytoplasm of netlike appearance, about half-way between the 
middle of the archegonium and its lower extremity. While the cells 
of the proembryo are undergoing division, the cytoplasm is alveolar 
and very similar to that in the generative cell just before fertilization, 
except that the network is slightly finer (fig. 34). 
Following fertilization, the three sporophylls of the pistillate cone 
fuse over the three ovules and form a berry-like fruit. As a rule the 
mature fruit contains but one or two seeds, the other ovules or ovule 
having ceased to grow before reaching maturity. 
PHYLOGENY 
From this study of Juniperus, it will be seen that in many respects 
this genus seems to be of more modern origin than many of the other 
gymnosperms. The cyclic arrangement of leaves and sporophylls, 
the absence of prothallial cells in the mature pollen grain, the absence 
of a ventral canal cell, and the presence of two functional sperm cells 
over an archegonial complex lead to this conclusion. JEFFREY 
(10, 11), in his investigations on the woods of the different gymno- 
sperms, says that the wood of Juniperus and other Cupresseae indi- 
cates that they belong to a family more modern than the Abieteae. 
And THomson (28), as a result of his study of the development of 
the megaspore coat and of the tapetum, concludes that “the Abieteae 
are the most ancient group of the Coniferales and the Taxeae 
the most recent, that the Taxoideae and Podocarpeae are 
complex, including both ancient and recent forms; and that 
the Cupresseae occupy an intermediate position in the phylogenetic 
series.”’ 
SUMMARY 
The staminate cones consist of many sporophylls, each bearing 
microsporangia on the under side near the axis. 
The pistillate cones contain three ovules, each subtended by a 
sporophyll. 
