152 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [avcusr 
made more striking by contrast with the frequently used economy, which has _ 
the same reason for appearing as oeconomy. : 
While words of adverse criticism seem necessary here and there, one may 
write volumes of praise. WARMING’s Plantesamfund will be for all time the : 
great ecological classic, and the English volume now before us is the most impor- 
tant ecological work in any language. It is at the same time an old book and 
a new, a translation of the masterpiece of 1895 and a compendium of the eco- 
logical thought of 1909. ARMING has been contributing to ecology for more 
than forty years, and is the undisputed Nestor of the subject, but unlike many 4 
Nestor, WARMING incarnates the ambitions and plasticity of youth. It will be 
pleasing to American ecologists to see the remarkable recognition accorded to 
their work in this new volume. The German edition of 1896 contained but one 
American title, though a half-dozen more might have been included. Now 
there are 600 titles in all, almost exactly twice the number published in 1896, a 
and it is not unfair to say that half of the ecological work thus far accomplished 4 
is represented by the added titles of the last thirteen years. It will be flattering _ 
to Americans to note that 115 of the 300 new titles represent American contribu- 
tions, a record that measures up well with the bare half-dozen that might have 
been named in the original 300. The new edition has ample footnote references, 
adding inestimably to the service of the work. The absence of illustrations will 
be a source of disappointment to many, but it accounts in large part for the 
extremely low price of the volume, a price that will insure a sale that has been ac 
corded to no ecological work in the English language—HENry C. CowLes. 
Experimental morphology : 
Although experimental morphology received its, original impetus from oa a 
vations on plants, during the last few years there has been a great dearth # 
form. 
PFEFFER’S 
Especially interesting is the first chapter, which considers the nisi 3 
experimental morphology, for here the author reveals his philosophy. It's « ihe 
that GOEBEL goes about as far as Kiers in referring plant phenomena 0 
influence of external factors, and he follows Kress in holding that the ordinary 
? Gorsel, K., Einleitung in die experimentelle Morphologie der Pflanzen. = 
pp. vit 260. jigs. 135. Leipzig and Berlin: B. G. Teubner. 1908. 
