238 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
infecting fungus. In this the inner hyphae began to grow and broke through the 
outer layers, and on this mycelium, whose origin was clear, conidiophores and 
conidia arose within three days. These showed it to be a Penicillium (Citromyces) 
very like P. geophilum, and similar results were reached with Fagus. Fungi 0 
this group were also found in the forest soil where mycorhiza of Fagus was abun- 
dant. Carpinus was not available for experiments on reinfection, but a consider- 
able number of young roots of a two-year-old Fagus showed infection from pure 
cultures of the Carpinus mycorhiza, as well as from several other species of forest 
Penicillia.—C. R. B. 
Respiration.—For about a dozen plants Mme. MaicE has determined the 
amount of O, fixed and CO, evolved by the stamens and pistils as compared with 
an equal weight of leaf tissue, both in air and in pure hydrogen.? She finds both 
aerobic and anaerobic respiration, tested thus, to be much (2-18 times) more 
active in the floral organs than in the leaf; and, with one exception, more vigorous 
in the pistil than in the stamen, and in the anther than in the filament. These 
results confirm the early ones (1822) of DE SaussuRE, as to the relative rate of 
respiration of the floral organs and the leaves; but DE SaussuRE found stamens 
more active than pistils. For the conciseness of this paper Mme. MAIcE is much 
to be commended. 
JeNsEN?? finds that the alcoholic fermentation of sugar proceeds by two 
Stages and he therefore predicates two enzymes, glucose being split by dextrase 
(glucase ?) into dioxyacetone and this by “‘dioxyacetonase” into CO, and alcohol. 
But in respiration, with oxidase and free oxygen present, the dioxyacetone, pro- 
duced as in fermentation, breaks up into CO, and water, the main end-products of 
aerobic respiration.—C. R. B 
Transpiration.—Sampson and ALLEN, declaring that too little account has 
been taken of the effect of physical factors on transpiration, furnish further data 
on this subject.t* Comparing evaporation from equal areas in equal times wid 
find that there is little variation for plants of the same species under the same —. 
ditions of development and exposure; that of the same species the sun Sn 
evaporates 2—4 times as much as the shade form, whether the two are tested in the 
sun or shade, a difference which they ascribe chiefly to the greater pees 
stomata in the sun form (20-60 per cent.); that the increased evaporation = t 
altitude, caeteris paribus, is due to lower pressure and not to differences 1 pe 
or humidity; that generally acid solutions accelerate and alkaline solutions re ; 
evaporation, but without relation to concentration; that evaporation 1S a 
9 MaIcE, Me. G., Recherches sur la respiration de I’étamine et du pistil. Rev 
Gén. Bot. 21: 32-38. 1909. 
‘© JENSEN, P. Boysen, Die Zersetzung des Zuckers wahrend des RespirationsP 
zesses. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesells. 26a:666, 667. 1908. 
't Sampson, A. W., AND ALLEN, Louise M. Influence of physical 
transpiration. Minn. Bot. Stud. 4:33-59. 1909. 
factors 0? 
