240 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
appear 18-20 months before the pollination period, and the ovules are formed 
late during the season preceding pollination; the single archesporial cell produces 
four distinct megaspores; an antipodal tissue of a considerable number of cells 
with large nuclei is developed; endosperm formation begins with free nuclear 
encroaches upon the integuments and the chalaza;-a filamentous proembryo 
(2 or 4 cells) becomes club-shaped to ovoid, and a short suspensor of several rows 
_ of cells is differentiated from the usual monocotyledonous embryo; in its growth 
the embryo completely destroys the endosperm and all other ovular structures, 
and comes to lie naked in the cavity of the ovary, so that there are no seeds in the 
ordinary sense.—J. M. C, 
Morphology of Caulophyllum.—The seed and seedling of Caulophyllum 
thalictroides have been studied by Butrers,'® with the following results: the 
fleshy testa incloses a very hard endosperm, which has almost completely destroyed 
the inner integument; the proembryo is massive and pear-shaped and the cotyle- 
dons appear late; the first season’s growth after germination is usually entirely 
subterranean, the cotyledons together forming an effective haustorium; the first 
leaves are usually scalelike and inclose a winter bud; each cotyledon sends three 
vascular bundles into the hypocotyl, which finally form a tetrarch root; secondary 
thickening takes place in the hypocotyl, resulting in the formation of a continuous j 
zone of xylem about the pith —J. M. C. # 
we ee eee 
sian 
Temperature and locomotion. TEODORESCO reports'? movements in certain = 
organisms at temperatures far lower than have heretofore been recorded. Thus 
he found zoospores of Dunaliella motile down to temperatures of oe 
—22° 5 C., and others at —5° to —12°7 C. The limits vary with species and even 
with individuals. There seems to be much more activity in winter, even aa 
freshwater organisms, than has been supposed.—C. R. B 
_ Carbon monoxid.—Krascuénnikorr, after a careful series of a 
reports*® that CO cannot be used by green plants to form carbohydrate. * 
view of BoTTOoMLEY AND Jackson,*? which was really not adequately suppo oe 
by their experiments, the only ones interpreted in favor of such use, is dis 
negatived.—C. R. B. ira 
© BUTTERS, FREDERIC K., The seeds and seedling of Caulophyllum thali Ee 
Minn. Bot. Studies 4': 11-32. pls. 4-10. 1909. - ¥ 
‘7 TEopoREsco, E. C., Recherches sur les mouvements de locomotion der sig 
nismes inférieurs aux basses températures. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IX. 9:23!-27+ Bate 
‘8 KrascHENNIKOFF T., La plante verte assimile-t-elle oxyde de N° 
Rev. Gén. Bot. 21:177-193. pl. 10. 1909. i 
'9 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 72: 130-131. 1903. 
