478 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
Graft hybrids.—WINKLER33 has published a further account of his experi- 
ments with graft hybrids of Solanum nigrum and S. lycopersicum. In all, thirteen 
graft hybrids have appeared, belonging to five different types, which are named 
S. tubingense, S. Darwinianum, S. Gaertnerianum, S. proteus, and S. Koelreuteri- 
anum. Of these forms the first three resemble most S. nigrum, and the last 
two resemble the tomato, S. proteus being very variable in leaf shape and having 
leaves similar to S. Darwinianum. S. Gaertnerianum, like many sexual hybrids, 
often has sterile anthers. S. Darwinianum and S. Koelreuterianum are very 
unlike in their vegetative organs, but similar in their flower characters. S. pro- 
teus produces reversions to the tomato, which it most resembles, while S. tubin- 
gense reverts to the nightshade, it nearest pare 
Some viable seeds are produced by the =r hybrids, but the percentage 
of germination is very sma n S. tubingense the length of time required for 
ripening the fruit is short, ike that of the nightshade, while the maturing time 
for the seeds is intermediate, and hence the ripened fruit contains immature seeds. 
The chimeras described in WINKLER’s previous papers also recur, and some 
others are of peculiar character; e. g., one chimera was S. lycopersicum on one 
side and S. tubingense on the other, and another was composed of the two graft 
hybrid forms, S. tubingense and S. proteus. In S. nigro-tubingense one flower 
had two white petals and three yellow. S. Darwinianum similarly originated 
from a chimera which was partly S. nigrum and partly S. Darwinianum, and a 
pure shoot of the latter was obtained only after four decapitations of this branch. 
S. Gaertnerianum appeared five times on different grafts, in some cases as an 
independent shoot and in others from a chimera. 
The forms are all held to be true graft hybrids and not mutations, because 
they are intermediate between the parents. W1vKLER thinks that graft hybrids 
differ from sexual hybrids in their marked late but it is too early to say 
what the cause of this may be.—R. R. Gat 
Heredity in the pea.—T wo papers by DarpisHtrE% deal with he edity in the 
a. The first is a very interesting analysis of the types of starch grain in round 
and wrinkled hybrid peas. It is to be hoped that this valuable paper will lead 
to many other studies of a similar sort, because very little attention has been 
paid to the ontogenetic development of Mendelian characters. GREGORY** had 
previously shown that round and wrinkled peas possess different types of starch 
33 WINKLER, Hans, Weitere Mitteilungen iiber Pfropfbastarde. Zeitschr. Bot. 
12315345. pl. I. figs. 4. 1 
ARBISHIRE, A. D., on the result of crossing round with wrinkled peas, with 
especial reference to their starch grains. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 80:122-135- 
jigs. 6. tables 2 1908. 
experimental estimation of the theory of ancestral contributions 
in havedikys Pre Roy. Soc. London B 81:61-79. tables 8. 1909. 
35 GREGORY, R. P., The seed characters of Pisum sativum. New tees 2:226- 
228. 1903. 
