are yet tracable directly or indirectly to Latin short e and <?, 

 but about as many unmodifiable e and o are traceable to 

 the same source. The facts are as follows. Waiving some 

 verbs of uncertain derivation,'* nearly 100 simple stem- 

 changing verbs have their e and o from Latin short e and o, 

 two from Latin ce (in popular Latin coalescing with short e)^^ 

 twelve from Latin long e and o,^ and eleven from Latin short i or 

 u."' Among hundreds of Spanish verbs with unmodified 

 thematic e and o (under the letter A alone occur above 160, 

 simble and compound), a very large number have these 

 vowels from Latin short e and o. Some fifty such verbs are 

 given below in a foot note as examples, and to show their 

 similarity of form to the stem-changing verbs. ^ Besides, not 

 a few verbs are in different uses treated differently (cf. list at 

 the end). 



We are then but poorly helped by the original quantity of 

 the thematic vowel. But Diez adds that this vowel, when 



•* Transegar ; alentar, jimenzar ; enhestar ; tropezar clocar (onomat ?) 

 trocar, dolar, regoldar. 



5 Cegar (L. cmgare), querer {L. qucerere). 



6 Heder (L. fetere), sembrar [seminare), derrengar {-re), erguir 

 {erigere), cerrar (serare), manifestar (-festare), colar [colare), consolar 

 [solare), desolar {-solare), moblar (mobiles),, tostar {tostus), vwstrar 

 (monstrare). 



7 Estregar [L. stringere), fregar (fricare), plegar [plieare), regar 

 {rigare), nevar (nivis), hender (findere), alenzar (linteum), comenzar 

 (cuminitiare) ; hollar [fullare), agorar {augurare), avergonzar (verecunda) . 



^ Colocar {L. -locare), provoear (-vocare), acomodar {-comodare), 

 anegar (-necare), interrogar (-rogare), modelar {modellus), inmolar 

 {-molare), devorar {-vorare), profesar {-fessus), disposar (-positus), 

 retar (reputare), elevar (-levare), llevar (levare), inovar (innovare), cel- 

 ebrar (celebrare), arredrar (retro), medrar (meliorare), amoldar (modul-) 

 arollar (rotulus), refrendar (referendus), ofender (offendere), prentender 

 (-tendere), engendrar (ingenerare), dlptongar (diplithongus), prolongar 

 (longus), aprensar (pressus), adecentar (deeent-em), detentar {-tentus), 

 inventar (-ventus), presentar (present-em), atontar (attonitus), con- 

 frvntar (front-em), montar (mont-em), asorber (aaorbare), exacerber 

 (acerbus), aporcar (porco), alternar (alternare), encuardernar (quar- 

 ternuH), tornar (tornare), aterrar (terror), desertar ( — sertus), insertar 

 (-sertus), libertar (libertus), abortar (-ortus), importar (-portare), con- 

 servar (-servare), contestar (-testare), secuestar (sequestare). 



