NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 3I 



1924, p. 402) — while those of the Late Bonitians were 4 or 5 inches 

 thick, large and heavy, sometimes too bulky for a strong man to turn. 



Fireplaces. — Of all the hearths on which Bonitian meals were pre- 

 pared, we have record of only 69, all but two in ground-floor rooms. 

 Twenty-five occur in 16 Old Bonitian dwellings ; 44 in 36 Late 

 Bonitian houses. Some were situated in the middle of the floor, 

 more or less ; others ranged along the wall or in a corner. Irrespec- 

 tive of placement, most of our 69 fireplaces were slab-lined and 

 circular, or nearly so ; 14 were lined with masonry and plastered ; 5 

 were equipped with sandstone fire dogs ; 7, including that in Old 

 Bonitian Room 330, were rimmed with adobe. 



Late Bonitian architects built Rooms 91 and 92 upon the walls of 

 Old Bonitian Rooms 3 and 3a. A fireplace in second-story Room 91 

 is described by Pepper (1920, p. 40) as slab-lined; the one in 92 as 

 shallow and probably rimmed with adobe (ibid., p. 299). Since the 

 bottom of this latter was no more than a thin layer of mud spread 

 directly upon the pine poles and brush ceiling of 3a, it is surprising 

 there had not been another destructive conflagration here. Inade- 

 quate protection from second- and third-story hearths probably 

 accounted for most of the fires cited by Pepper. 



What my notes describe as "fire pits," thus to distinguish them 

 from domestic hearths, are of Late Bonitian construction but unknown 

 function. We came upon seven of which these four are thoroughly 

 typical: (1) In Room 221, an open-air work space, pit 3 feet 7 

 inches east- west by 28 inches wide and 31 inches deep, masonry- 

 lined, filled with scorched sand and a scattering of charcoal ; (2) 27 

 inches outside the southwest corner of Room 314, slab-lined pit 31 

 inches north-south by 21 inches wide and 27 inches deep, surrounded 

 by flagstones; (3) north of Kiva X on the last recognizable West 

 Court surface, masonry-lined and plastered pit 3 feet 8 inches wide 

 and originally 5 feet 7 inches north-south but subsequently divided 

 by a 2- foot-thick partition and both sides continued in use (pi. 17, 

 upper) ; (4) Kiva R roof level north of the Kiva Z enclosure, 5 feet 

 north-south by 35 inches wide by 49 inches deep, masonry- 

 lined and plastered (pi. 18, left). The plaster of this latter was red- 

 dened by fire but not fused ; sand and sandstone spalls filled the lower 

 2 feet, sand with bits of charcoal the remainder. Three others were 

 noted subfloor: two in Room 215 and one in Room 220. In each 

 of the seven instances there were no potsherds among the fill; no 

 bone fragments, burned or unburned. Three pits were oriented north- 

 south but their dimensions varied. 



